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Kodi insulini ndi chiyani? Mitundu yodziwika ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito

Kodi insulini ndi chiyani? Mitundu yodziwika ndi momwe amagwirira ntchitoZambiri Zamankhwala

Mndandanda wama insulin | Kodi insulini ndi chiyani? | Momwe imagwirira ntchito | Ntchito | Mitundu | Ndani angatenge insulini? | Chitetezo | Zotsatira zoyipa | Mtengo





Insulini ndimadzi obwera mwachilengedwe omwe amathandiza thupi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndikupatsanso maselo mphamvu. Matenda a shuga, omwe amadziwika kuti shuga, ndi omwe bkuthekera kwa odyera kutulutsa kapena kuyankha timadzi ta insulin kumawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi shuga wambiri. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1, kapamba sapanganso insulini ndi ma insulin omwe amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito shuga kuchokera pachakudya. Omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a Type 2 atha kupanga insulin, koma mwina sangakhale okwanira kapena matupi awo samayankha bwino ku insulin yomwe imapezeka (yotchedwa insulin resistance). Pafupi 30% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amafunikanso majakisoni a insulin.



Tebulo ili limatchula ma insulins omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutsatiridwa ndi chidziwitso cha momwe amagwirira ntchito, momwe amathandizira, chitetezo, ndi mtengo wake.

ZOKHUDZA: Type 1 vs. Type 2 shuga

Mndandanda wa insulins

Dzina la mankhwala osokoneza bongo Avereji ya ndalama Mtengo umodzi Dziwani zambiri
Chizindikiro (insulin lispro) $ 316.22 pa botolo Pezani makuponi a Humalog Humalog vs. Novolog
Novolog (gawo la insulini) $ 384 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani ma coupon a Novolog Zambiri za Novolog
Apidra (insulini glulisine) $ 325 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani ma coupon a Apidra Zambiri za Apidra
Humulin R (insulini wokhazikika) $ 698 pa 6, 3 mL ya 500 unit / mL zolembera Pezani ma coupon a Humulin R. Zambiri za Humulin R.
Novolin R (insulini wokhazikika) $ 220 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani ma coupon a Novolin R. Zambiri za Novolin R.
Humulin N (NPH insulini) $ 123 pa cholembera Pezani ma coupon a Humulin N. Zambiri za Humulin N.
Novolin N (NPH insulini) $ 231 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani ma coupon a Novolin N Zambiri za Novolin N.
Lantus (insulini glargine) $ 452 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani ma coupon a Lantus Zambiri za Lantus
Basaglar (insulini glargine) $ 95 pa 3, 3 mL ya 100 unit / mL cholembera Pezani ma coupon a Basaglar KwikPen Zambiri za Basaglar Kwik
Levemir (insulini detemir) $ 490 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani makuponi a Levemir Zambiri za Levemir
Tresiba (insulini degludec) $ 506 pa 1, 10 mL ya 100 unit / mL vial Pezani ma coupon a Tresiba Zambiri za Tresiba
Toujeo (insulin glargine) $ 180 pa 1, 1.5 mL ya 300 unit / mL Solostar cholembera Pezani ma coupon a Toujeo Solostar Zambiri za Toujeo Solostar

Ma insulini ena

  • Admelog (insulini lispro)
  • Fiasp (gawo la insulini)
  • Insulin lispro protamine
  • Lyumjev (insulini lispro)
  • Myxredlin (insulini wokhazikika)
  • Semglee (insulini glargine)
  • Soliqua (Insulini Glargine-lixisenatide)
  • Xultophy (insulini ya degludec-liraglutide)

Insulins zoyambirira



  • Kusakanikirana Kwambiri 50/50 - 50% NPH, 50% Humalog (lispro)
  • Kusakanikirana Kwambiri 75/25 - 75% NPH, 25% Humalog (lispro)
  • Sakanizani Novolog 70/30 - 70% NPH, 30% Novolog (gawo lina)
  • Humulin 50/50 - 50% NPH, 50% yokhazikika
  • Humulin 70/30 - 70% NPH, 30% yokhazikika
  • Novolin 70/30 - 70% NPH, 30% wamba

Kuthamanga mwachangu ufa wothira

  • Afrezza inhalation powder (insulin munthu)

Kodi insulini ndi chiyani?

Insulini ndimadzi achilengedwe obisika ndimaselo apadera, omwe amatchedwa maselo a beta, omwe amakhala m'mapapo. Insulini imayang'anira ntchito zambiri m'thupi zomwe zimapatsa maselo mamphamvu zomwe amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo ndikukula. Mwa anthu omwe alibe matenda ashuga, kupanga insulin ndikumasula ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yolola kuti thupi lizisamalira bwino shuga kuti athe kukwaniritsa zosowa zake.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1920, pamene ofufuza adazindikira ndikupatula insulin, sayansi yazachipatala yachita bwino kwambiri popanga mankhwala atsopano a insulin omwe amalola anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amadalira insulin kuti azitha kuyang'anira shuga wawo wamagazi.



Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pambuyo pa chakudya, chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa, makamaka chakudya , imagwa msanga mu mtundu winawake wa shuga wotchedwa glucose womwe umalowetsedwa m'magazi. Kuwonjezeka kofulumira kwa magazi m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti insulini imasulidwe m'mapapo. Insulini imalola maselo m'thupi, monga minofu yamtundu, kuti atenge shuga kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati mphamvu. Insulini ili ndi zovuta zina, koma makamaka imayang'anira momwe thupi limagwiritsira ntchito shuga.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ngati thupi silitulutsa insulini yokwanira kapena siligwiritsa ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka ndipo ma cell amapita popanda glucose yomwe imayenera kugwira bwino ntchito. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kumakhalabe kambiri pakapita nthawi, boma lotchedwa hyperglycemia, izi zitha kuwonjezera ngozi ya matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amafunika insulin mwa jakisoni kapena pogwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amatha kuyankha kusintha kwa moyo wawo kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, monga zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena angafunike mapiritsi, insulini, kapena mankhwala osakaniza.



ZOKHUDZA: Kodi misinkhu ya shuga wamagazi ndi yotani?

Kodi insulins imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

  • Type 1 shuga
  • Type 2 matenda ashuga
  • Gestational shuga (azimayi omwe amadwala matenda ashuga ali ndi pakati)

Mitundu yama insulini

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu

Ma insulini ochita zinthu mwachangu ndimafananidwe a insulini kapena mitundu yosinthidwa pang'ono ya insulin ya anthu, yomwe imachita mwachangu komanso mosadalirika. Amayamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi mphindi 15 atabayidwa, amapitirira pafupifupi ola limodzi kapena awiri, ndipo amatha pakati pa maola awiri kapena anayi. Ma insulini ochita zinthu mwachangu amatenga chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi jakisoni ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulini yayitali. Ma insulins awa ndi ma insulins omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapampu a insulin (kachipangizo kakang'ono komwe kamatulutsa insulin kudzera mu chubu chochepa chomwe chimayikidwa pansi pa khungu).



Mayina odziwika bwino mkalasi iyi:

  • Humalog ndi Admelog (insulin lispro)
  • Novolog ndi Fiasp (gawo la insulini)
  • Apidra (insulini glulisine)

Insulins yochita kwakanthawi

Insulins yochita kwakanthawi (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti insulins yanthawi zonse) imafika m'magazi pasanathe mphindi 30 kuchokera jakisoni, kutalika pakati pa maola awiri kapena atatu, ndipo imatha pafupifupi maola atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Ma insulini awa amaphimba zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa mkati mwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60 ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin yotalikirapo.



Mayina odziwika bwino mkalasi iyi:

  • Humulin R, Novolin R, ndi ReliOn / Novolin R (insulin wamunthu wamba)
  • Velosulin BR (yoteteza insulini yamunthu nthawi zonse kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu pampu ya insulin)

Makulidwe apakati

Ma insulini omwe amakhala pakatikati nthawi zambiri amafika m'magazi patadutsa maola awiri kapena anayi mutalandira jakisoni, kumapeto kwa maola 4 mpaka 12 pambuyo pake, ndipo amakhala pafupifupi maola 12 mpaka 18. Izi zimafunikira insulini pafupifupi theka la tsiku kapena usiku wonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin mwachangu kapena mwachidule.



Mayina odziwika bwino mkalasi iyi:

  • Humulin N, Novolin N, ndi ReliOn / Novolin N (NPH munthu insulin)

Ma insulins okhalitsa

Ma insulins okhalitsa, omwe amatchedwanso basal kapena insulins yakumbuyo, alibe nsonga ngati insulini zazifupi. Amafika m'magazi patadutsa maola angapo atalandira jakisoni ndipo amayesetsa kutsitsa shuga mpaka maola 24. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi insulin yofulumira kapena yayifupi.

Mayina odziwika bwino mkalasi iyi:

  • Lantus ndi Basaglar (insulin glargine)
  • Levemir (insulini detemir)
  • Tresiba (insulini degludec)
  • Humulin R U-500 (wama insulin wamunthu wokhazikika)

Insulini yotenga nthawi yayitali

Insulini yotenga nthawi yayitali imafika m'magazi pafupifupi maola asanu ndi limodzi, siyimilira, ndipo imakhala maola 36 kapena kupitilira apo.

Dzinalo lodziwika m'kalasiyi:

  • Toujeo U-300 (insulin insulin glargine)

Insulins zoyambirira

Ma insulini oyikika kale amaphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya insulini, insulini yofulumira kapena yofupikitsa yokhala ndi insulin yapakatikati, yopereka nthawi yodyera komanso kuphimba kwanthawi yayitali patsikulo. Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku nthawi yachakudya isanakwane. Nambala yoyamba m'dzina imafotokozera kuchuluka kwa insulin yapakatikati, nambala yachiwiri kuchuluka kwa insulin mwachangu kapena mwachidule (mwachitsanzo, Novolog Mix 70/30 ili ndi 70% NPH ndi 30% insulin aspart).

Mayina odziwika bwino mkalasi iyi:

  • Kusakanikirana Kwambiri 75/25 - 75% NPH, 25% Humalog (lispro)
  • Kusakaniza kwa Novolog 70/30 - 70% NPH, 30% Novolog (gawo lina)
  • Humulin 70/30 - 70% NPH, 30% yokhazikika
  • Novolin 70/30 - 70% NPH, 30% wamba

Kuthamanga mwachangu ufa wothira

Kuchita mwachangu kupumira insulini kumakwera m'mwazi mkati mwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi maola awiri kapena atatu. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yayitali kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1.

Dzinalo lodziwika m'kalasiyi:

  • Afrezza inhalation powder (insulin munthu)

Ndani angatengeko insulini?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba

Onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo, ayenera kumwa insulin. Maselo a beta omwe amapezeka m'mapaketi sapanganso insulini ndipo kuti athe kuyendetsa magazi m'magazi, insulin iyenera kulowetsedwa kapena kulowetsedwa ndi pampu ya insulini.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda opita patsogolo ndipo ambiri samafuna insulini akapezeka koyamba. Magazi a magazi nthawi zambiri amatha kusinthidwa ndimasinthidwe amoyo monga kukonzekera kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mankhwala a antidiabetic, monga mankhwala am'kamwa monga metformin kapena ma jakisoni osakhala a insulin, amatha kuwonjezeredwa ngati zolinga za mulingo wa shuga sizikukwaniritsidwa. Chifukwa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 ndi matenda omwe amapita patsogolo, nthawi ina kupanga insulin m'mapiko sikungakhale kokwanira ndipo jakisoni wa insulini angafunike.

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi mutha kusintha matenda ashuga?

Amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Gestational shuga amatanthauza matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka mzimayi ali ndi pakati. Mofananamo ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, insulini yomwe ikupezeka sikungakhale yokwanira kukhalabe ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maselo akulandila mafuta omwe amafunikira. Nthawi zambiri jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira nthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati kuti ateteze mayi komanso thanzi la mwana.

Ana ndi achinyamata

Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amadalira mankhwala a insulin kuti akhale ndi moyo. Pulogalamu ya International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) imalimbikitsa kuti mibadwo yonse, kuphatikiza ana, apatsidwe mankhwala a insulin omwe amapereka pafupi kwambiri ndi magulu a shuga amwazi momwe angathere.

ZOKHUDZA: Mwana wanu anapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Kodi ma insulini ali otetezeka?

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga insulini ndi shuga wotsika magazi, kapena hypoglycemia. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, shuga wotsika kwambiri akhoza kukhala vuto ladzidzidzi. Shuga wamagazi ochepa amatha kuchiritsidwa mwachangu pomwa kapena kudya chakudya chokhala ndi shuga wambiri (mwachitsanzo, madzi a lalanje kapena maswiti). Palinso mankhwala, monga mapiritsi a shuga kapena glucagon ya jakisoni, omwe othandizira azaumoyo angalimbikitse ogwiritsa ntchito insulini kuti akhale nawo. Zowopsa zina ndikutenga insulin ndi hypersensitivity (matupi awo sagwirizana) komanso hypokalemia (magazi ochepa potaziyamu).

Zoletsa zama insulin

Musagwiritse ntchito insulini ngati:

  • Khalani ndi hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika magazi).
  • Khalani ndi hypersensitivities (chifuwa) kuzipangizo zilizonse.

Kodi mungatenge insulin mukakhala ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa?

  • Ngakhale palibe insulin yomwe imavomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi FDA kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yapakati, nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwa amayi apakati;insulin ndi mankhwala omwe amasankhidwa koyamba pochiza matenda ashuga.
  • Insulini itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwitsa.

Kodi insulins imayang'aniridwa ndi zinthu?

  • Insulini sizinthu zoyendetsedwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

  • Posachedwapa kafukufuku , SingleCare adapeza kuti zoyipa zam'mimba, kusowa kwa njala, ndi mkodzo wakuda ndizomwe zimafotokozedwa kwambiri za insulin.
  • Zochita patsamba la jekeseni (kufiira, kutupa, kapena kuyabwa)
  • Jekeseni tsamba lipodystrophy (kukulitsa khungu kapena maenje pamalo)
  • Myalgia (kupweteka kwa minofu)
  • Pruritus (kuyabwa)
  • Kutupa
  • Matenda apamwamba opuma
  • Kulemera
  • Mutu
  • Zotumphukira edema (kutupa kwa miyendo yakumunsi kapena manja)
  • Hypersensitivity reaction (matupi awo sagwirizana)
  • Zizindikiro ngati chimfine

Zochita zazikulu (angafunikire kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala)

  • Hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika magazi)
  • Hypokalemia (magazi ochepa potaziyamu)
  • Hypersensitivity reaction (matupi awo sagwirizana)
  • Anaphylaxis (zovuta zomwe zimafunikira zomwe zimafunikira thandizo lachipatala)

Kodi ma insulini amawononga ndalama zingati?

Pulogalamu ya mtengo wa insulini Zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, insulin ya munthu nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa ma insulin ofanana ndi Humalog kapena Lantus), komanso njira yobweretsera (mwachitsanzo, mabotolo amakhala otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'makalata a insulin. ) Mitengo ya insulini imasiyananso kutengera mtundu wa inshuwaransi, popeza mapulani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafomu omwe angagulitse mankhwala ofanana a insulin mosiyana kutengera omwe akukupatsani (mwachitsanzo, Humulin N atha kukhala pamtengo wokwera kuposa Novolin N ngati Novo Nordisk ndiogulitsayo) . Kwa anthu omwe alibe inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, insulini imatha kulipira kulikonse kuyambira $ 25 mpaka $ 300 pamphika. Odwala omwe alibe inshuwaransi kapena osatetezedwa atha kugwiritsa ntchito ma coupon aulere a SingleCare kuti asunge ndalama pa insulini komanso zosowa zina za shuga .