Kugonana ndi opanikizika: Kufufuza zoyipa zakugonana kwa ma SSRIs

Nkhani

Mu nthawi yazaka 15, chiwerengero cha anthu aku America omwe amamwa mankhwala opondereza nkhawa chawonjezeka pafupifupi 65%, kuchoka pa anthu ochepera 8% aku US mpaka pafupifupi 13% . Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amayamba kumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kuti athandizire kusamalira thanzi lawo nthawi zina amapeza akulephera kuima —Ngakhale kukumana ndi mavuto.

Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) ndi ena mwa mankhwala opatsirana omwe amalembedwa kawirikawiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti samawerengedwa kuti ndi osokoneza bongo, zovuta za SSRIs zimatha kuphatikiza kugona, kusuta, kusowa tulo, kupumula, komanso magonedwe osagwira ntchito.

Kuti tiwone bwino momwe ma anti-depressants monga ma SSRIs amakhudzira anthu aku America komanso nthawi yawo yapamtima, tidasanthula anthu a 1,000 omwe achiritsidwa posachedwa ndi SSRI kapena omwe si SSRI. Pitirizani kuwerenga pamene tikufufuza kuti ndi ogwiritsa ntchito angati omwe amadziwa zovuta zakugonana za SSRIs ndipo ndi angati omwe amakhulupirira kuti zotsatirazi ndizofunika.

Mankhwala a nkhawa-komanso zoyipa zake

Matenda okhumudwa ndi omwe amatsogolera kwambiri olumala padziko lonse lapansi mwa anthu azaka 15-44, malinga ndi Anxcare and Depression Association of America. Mwa matenda ofala amisala ku US, pafupifupi 7% ya akulu kukhala ndi kukhumudwa. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizira kumva chisoni, kusowa tulo, kutopa, chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, ndi a chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima .

Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ndiwo mankhwala opatsirana kwambiri ku America. Powonjezera magawo a serotonin muubongo, ma SSRI nthawi zina amaperekedwanso kuti athetse mavuto ena, kuphatikiza nkhawa . Ma SSRI alibe zovuta, komabe. Mpaka 73% ya anthu omwe amatenga ma SSRIs amakumana ndi mtundu wina wazakugonana kuchokera mgululi. Ngakhale zotsatirazi zimatha kuchepa patatha milungu ingapo pa SSRIs, odwala ena akhoza kukhala osalolera kuchipatala.

Kuzindikiritsa zakugonana ndi ma SSRIs

Ochita kafukufuku amvetsetsa kuti ma SSRIs amawoneka ngati amathandizira kukanika kugonana, koma amavomerezanso kuti kuyeza zovuta zakuthana ndi kupsinjika kugonana ndi magwiridwe antchito zingakhale zovuta. Nthawi zina, kusowa pogonana kumatha kubweretsa SSRIs ngati chithandizo (kulephera kugonana ndichizindikiro cha kukhumudwa), kapena kungakhale kokhudzana ndi vuto lina lakuthupi. Kwa odwala ena, gawo lirilonse laubwenzi, kuyambira pakulakalaka kukondweretsedwa kapena chiwerewere, atha kukhala oletsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito SSRIs.

Tapeza anthu opitilira 82% omwe ali ndi mbiri yakumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amadziwa za zovuta zakugonana. Komabe, ambiri anali mumdima wonena za momwe mankhwala awo amakhudzira machitidwe awo ogonana ndi magwiridwe awo. Oposa 12% mwa anthu omwe adakumana ndi zovuta zakugonana motsutsana ndi ma antidepressants samadziwa kuti chithandizo chawo chitha kuyambitsa vuto, lotsatiridwa ndi pafupifupi 47% ya anthu omwe sananene kuti akucheperachepera pakugonana.

Kufunika kwa kulankhulana kwa madokotala ndi odwala

Kuyankhulana pakati pa madokotala, odwala, ndi ogwira ntchito kumaofesi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachipatala. Zolakwitsa zolumikizana, zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa ngati sizakupha, zimachokera pakusamvetsetsa, kukambirana kosalembedwa, kapena kukambirana kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri, kusalumikizana kapena kulumikizana molakwika kumabweretsa zolakwika za pakati kapena mwamphamvu kwambiri .

Pafupifupi azimayi 50% komanso amuna opitilira 28% adawonetsa kuti madotolo sanalongosole konse zoyipa zakugonana kwa ma SSRIs.

Pomwe azimayi anali ovuta kuposa amuna kuti asafotokozeredwe ndi madotolo pazothekera zakugonana, azimayi nawonso sanathenso kufotokozera madotolo awo (26%) kapena madandaulo awo (63%) . Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amakhala amanyazi kapena osasangalala kuyankhula za zovuta zakugonana kwa SSRIs ndi dokotala, ndikutsatiridwa ndi anthu omwe amamva kuti maubwinowo amapitilira zovuta zawo pamoyo wawo wogonana.

Zowopsa ndi mphotho: Zotsatira zoyipa zogonana za SSRIs

Azimayi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu atatu mwa amayi ndi pafupifupi 63% ya amuna adavomereza kuti ali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana akumwa SSRIs, ndipo pafupifupi 41% ya azimayi ndi 35% ya amuna adati adataya chilakolako chogonana kwathunthu. Ngakhale kusinthasintha kwa chilakolako chogonana kapena kukondana kumakhala kwachibadwa, akatswiri amachenjeza kuti chikhumbo chitafikiratu, chimatha kusokoneza maubwenzi komanso moyo wabwino. Makamaka kwa akazi, ofufuza amati si zachilendo kwa kutsika kwa libido ndi kukhumudwa kuti zichitike .

Amayi omwe ali pa SSRIs anali ndi mwayi woti atchule kuchepa kwa ziweto, kulephera kuchita chiwerewere, kulephera kudzutsidwa, komanso kupweteka panthawi yogonana. Komabe, momwe odwala a SSRI amathandizira kwambiri, amayamba kuda nkhawa ndi zovuta zamankhwala. Poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi 32% ya anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti ma SSRI sanali othandiza kwenikweni, odwala 79% omwe adapeza kuti ma SSRI ali othandiza kwambiri amakhala okonzeka kuvomereza zotsatirapo zake kukhala zofunikira.

Zotsatira zakuchepetsa nkhawa pazokondana

SSRIs ikhoza kukhala mankhwala opatsirana kwambiri, koma si njira yokhayo yothandizira yomwe ilipo. Serotonin ndi norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana , ndipo norepinephrine ndi dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) zimayimiranso njira zamankhwala zomwe zingachitike. Mankhwala ena opatsirana omwe samakhudza libido monga ma SSRI ena ndi awa: Wellbutrin ( bupropion ) ndi trazodone .

Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opondereza anali ndi mwayi woti anena zakugonana koopsa kuposa omwe sanali a SSRIs. Pafupifupi azimayi 60% komanso pafupifupi 54% ya amuna omwe ali pa SSRIs adati zimapweteketsa miyoyo yawo yogonana, ndikutsatiridwa ndi 30% ya akazi ndi 26% ya amuna omwe ali pa SSRIs omwe maubale awo atha kuchepa chifukwa cha mankhwala awo opondereza.

Njira zothetsera zizindikiro za SSRI

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana komanso kusowa pogonana, koma mayankho ena amalola zotsatira zabwino za antidepressants. Mlingo wapamwamba nthawi zambiri umabweretsa a chiopsezo chachikulu chazovuta zakugonana , kotero kuyankhula ndi dokotala za kuchepetsa mlingo kungathandize. Kutenga mankhwala opatsirana pogonana nthawi inayake tsiku kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kukakamiza pakugonana.

Komabe, anthu ambiri sanasankhe kuchita chilichonse pazokhudza ma SSRI pa moyo wawo wogonana. Azimayi makumi asanu pa zana alionse ndi amuna 42% sanayese kuthana ndi zovuta zakugonana za omwe ali ndi nkhawa, ndipo azimayi 14% okha ndi amuna 19% omwe akuti amalankhula ndi dokotala.

Anthu ena adasinthiratu mankhwala, pomwe ena adasintha miyezo yawo, adabweretsa zidole zogonana kuchipinda, kapena zochitika zogonana.

Kufunika kwa kulumikizana pakati pa okondana

Zitha kumveka ngati mukuyenera kusankha pakati popitiliza kupewetsa nkhawa kapena kukhala ndi moyo wabwino wogonana. Komabe, ndizotheka kupeza malire pakati pa kuchiza kukhumudwa (kapena nkhawa) popanda zovuta zina.

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kulumikizana pakati pa okondana kupewa mavuto osafunikira komanso mikangano. Kusintha moyo ndi mankhwala opatsirana kumatha kukhala ovuta, ndipo aliyense amawachitira mosiyana. Kupanga zokambirana momasuka pakati pa maanja kungathandize kuthana ndi zovuta zina.

Makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu anayi a okwatirana amalankhula za zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kupsinjika, ndikutsatiridwa ndi 81% ya anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Ngakhale 68% ya anthu omwe adasudzulana kapena kupatukana pakadali pano amatseguliranso anzawo pa nthawiyo, ndi 66% yokha mwa anthu osakwatira omwe adagawana zomwe akumana nazo pa SSRIs. Kwa iwo omwe anali omasuka kutsegula zakukhumudwitsidwa kwawo pakugonana, opitilira 22% adanenanso kuti akuyandikira pafupi ndi anzawo, poyerekeza ndi 10% yokha omwe sanalankhule ndi anzawo.

Maganizo azaumoyo wamaganizidwe

Anthu omwe anali ndi chidziwitso chokhudza moyo pa ma antidepressants ndi ma SSRIs adatipatsa malingaliro awo amomwe angathetsere zovuta zakugonana.

Monga momwe mukuwonera ndi mayankho awo, kulankhula za momwe zinthu ziliri ndikufotokozera momwe mumamvera nthawi zambiri kunali njira yovomerezeka. Ngakhale zimatha kukhala zovutitsa kapena zosasangalatsa poyamba, kutsegula zakugonana kwanu m'modzi mwa inu atayamba chithandizo kungathandize kupewa chisokonezo, malingaliro, komanso kukhumudwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri adazindikira kufunikira kogawana izi ndi dokotala akakumana ndi zovuta zakugonana.

Kutsiliza

Anthu aku America opitilira 16 miliyoni ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika, ndipo ambiri aiwo amachiza matendawa ndi ma anti-depressants kuphatikiza ma SSRIs. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amatha kupereka mpumulo wofunikira, anthu ambiri amafotokoza kuti ali ndi vuto logonana komanso amachepetsa chilakolako chogonana chifukwa chothandizidwa. Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wathuyu, zikuwoneka kuti pali kusiyana pakulumikizana pakati pa asing'anga ndi odwala pazomwe zimayambitsa izi, makamaka pakati pa akazi.

Kaya mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ati, mtengo wake suyenera kukhala mbali yowonjezerapo. Pa Osakwatira , cholinga chathu ndikupanga kupulumutsa pamankhwala anu akuchipatala mosavuta momwe mungathere. Gwiritsani ntchito tsamba lathu lawebusayiti kapena pulogalamu yanu kuti mupeze zolemba zanu, yerekezerani mitengo, ndikusunga ku pharmacy yomwe mwasankha.

Njira

Kudzera pa Mechanical Turk ya Amazon, tidapeza mayankho kuchokera kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali 1,002 omwe adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala opatsirana pogonana a SSRI kapena omwe si SSRI. 60.3% mwa omwe amatenga nawo gawo anali akazi, ndipo 39.7% anali amuna. Ophunzirawo anali azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 71 ndi tanthauzo la 35.7 ndikusintha kofananira kwa 10.4. Omwe adayankha omwe sanapezeke kuti ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa kapena omwe sanamvepo kukhumudwa sanatengeredwe nawo, kuphatikizapo omwe sanalandire mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.

Zambiri zomwe tikupereka zimadalira kudzidziwitsa nokha. Zambiri zodzinenera zili ndi zovuta monga kukumbukira kukumbukira, telescoping, Attribution, ndi kukokomeza. Zitsanzo za omwe angadzidziwike okha mu kafukufukuyu ndi lipoti lokhalo lomwe limakhudzana ndi zovuta zakukhudzana ndi ubale, komanso zokumana nazo ndi zovuta zina. Palibe mayeso owerengera omwe adachitidwa panthawiyi, chifukwa chake zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa zimangotengera njira zokha.