Waukulu >> Zambiri Zamankhwala >> Zotsatira zinayi zotheka za ma statins (ndi momwe mungalimbanirane nawo)

Zotsatira zinayi zotheka za ma statins (ndi momwe mungalimbanirane nawo)

Zotsatira zinayi zotheka za ma statins (ndi momwe mungalimbanirane nawo)Zambiri Zamankhwala

Zitha kuwoneka kuti cholesterol yochulukirapo sichinthu chachikulu — ndipotu, anthu aku America opitilira 102 miliyoni azaka zopitilira 20 ali ndi cholesterol yathunthu yoposa 200 mg / dL, malinga ndi Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). Choyipa chachikulu ndi chakuti, pafupifupi 35 miliyoni mwa achikulirewa ali ndi milingo 240 mg / dL kapena kupitilira apo, zomwe zimawaika pangozi yoyambitsa matenda amtima. Chifukwa chakuti ndizofala, sizikutanthauza kuti mutha kunyalanyaza ngati zanu zikuposa magawano athanzi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mumvetsetse ndikusamalira cholesterol yanu-mwina pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga ma statins.





Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofewa chomwe chimachokera ku chiwindi (thupi limapangika mwachilengedwe) komanso kuchokera pazakudya zanu (zimapezeka muzakudya zanyama, monga nyama, mazira, ndi mkaka wamafuta wathunthu). Cholesterol imazungulira m'magazi ndipo ndiyofunikira pamagulu angapo amthupi, kuphatikiza kupanga mahomoni, vitamini D, ndi nembanemba yama cell. Komabe, cholesterol yochuluka m'magazi — yomwe ndi yotsika kwambiri lipoprotein kapena LDL cholesterol — imatha kumamatira pamakoma amitsempha ndikusandulika chipika.



Chipika m'mitsempha yathu chimatha kulepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikulimbikitsa kupangika kwa magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima (mwachitsanzo, matenda amtima) komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo (sitiroko), atero a Joshua Yamamoto, MD, katswiri wamatenda amtima, woyambitsa mnzake wa Foxhall Medicine ku Washington , DC, komanso wolemba wa Mutha Kuteteza Sitiroko . M'malo mwake, kukula kwa zolengeza si matenda [otchedwa hypercholesterolemia] -ndi biology yachilengedwe, momwe zimakhudzira nthawi ndi zaka pakuchuluka kwathu.

Kodi ma statins ndi chiyani?

Statins, gulu la mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol, tsopano ndiomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira hypercholesterolemia, akufotokoza Dr.Jennifer Haythe, MD , katswiri wa zamatenda ku NewYork-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center. M'malo mwake, anthu opitilira 11.6 miliyoni aku America pakadali pano amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa Kafukufuku waku National Health and Nutrition .

Maimidwe otchuka ndi awa:



  • Crestor (rosuvastatin)
  • Lipitor (atorvastatin)
  • Zocor (simvastatin)
  • Pravachol (pravastatin)
  • Altoprev kapena Mevacor (lovastatin)
  • Lescol (fluvastatin)
  • Livalo (pitavastatin)

Kodi ma statins amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Statins imagwira ntchito osati kungoletsa ma enzyme omwe amapanga cholesterol, komanso pothandiza thupi kuyambiranso cholesterol yomwe ilipo, a Dr. Haythe akufotokoza. Dr. Yamamoto akuwonjezeranso kuti ma statins amayenera kuganiziridwa ngati mankhwala oteteza mitsempha chifukwa ma meds amatha kuteteza mitsempha, kupewa kukula kwa zolengeza, komanso koposa zonse kupewa matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, ndi kufa msanga.

Zotsatira zoyipa za ma statins

Ndipo ngakhale ndizofala kwambiri ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA), mayankho nthawi zina amatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma statins. (Kuwunika kwa Disembala 2018 kotulutsidwa ndi American Mtima Association ananena kuti zotsatira zoyipa za ma statins ndizosowa - ndikuti maubwino ake amapitilira zoopsa zake.) Nazi zotsatira zoyipa zama statins:

1. Zowawa ndi zowawa

Madokotala onse omwe tinalankhula nawo amavomereza kuti zopweteka ndi zopweteka za minofu (zomwe zimatchedwanso myalgia) ndizodandaula zoyambirira kuchokera kwa odwala, ndipo kulikonse pakati pa 4% ndi 10% ya anthu akukhudzidwa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti 1 mwa 20 mwa ife timakhala ndi vuto lokhala ndi minofu mosavuta, Dr. Yamamoto akuwonjezera.



Zosintha zina pamoyo zimatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha myopathy komanso kuwonongeka kwa minofu, kuphatikiza kuchepa kwa zolimbitsa thupi (popeza kulimbitsa thupi kumatha kuyika minofu yomwe yatupa kale) komanso kutenga chowonjezera cha coenzyme Q10.

Dr. Yamamoto akuti chifukwa CoQ10 imapangidwa mu minofu, chithandizo cha statin chitha kuchichotsa m'dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ipweteke. Vegans amakonda kukhala opweteka kwambiri pazowawa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi statin popeza CoQ10 imapezeka mu nyama yofiira, akutero. Koma kumbukirani kuti kukhala wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse sikungatipangitse kudziteteza ku zotsatira za nthawi, ndipo chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwa vegans akadali matenda amtima.

2. Shuga wamagazi ambiri

Ma Statins amathanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amadzimadzi, matenda ashuga asanachitike kapena milingo ya shuga m'malire, Dr. Haythe akufotokoza. Kafukufuku wa 2017 wofalitsidwa munyuzipepalayi BMJ Open Shuga Kafukufuku & Chisamaliro adawona kuti ma statins amathandizidwa ndi milingo yayikulu kwambiri ya matenda ashuga mwa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mtundu wa 2 shuga.



3. Mavitamini okwera a chiwindi

Odwala ena nthawi zina amakumana ndi kutupa kwa chiwindi chifukwa chotenga ma statins, malinga ndi Chipatala cha Mayo . Komabe chiwerengerocho ndi chaching'ono — nkhani yofalitsidwa m'magazini ya 2013 Gastroenterology & Hepatology akuti mayesero azachipatala akuwonetsa kuti ma statins adalumikizidwa ndi kukwera kwa serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT, enzyme yomwe imapezeka makamaka m'chiwindi ndi impso) pafupifupi 3% ya odwala.

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi zimaphatikizapo kutopa kwambiri, kusowa kwa njala, kupweteka kumtunda, mkodzo womwe uli wakuda, ndi / kapena chikasu cha khungu kapena maso. Ngati chiwopsezo cha enzyme ya chiwindi ndi chocheperako, odwala amatha kupitiliza kumwa ma statins, koma ngati chiwindi chimawonongeka, akhoza kupatsidwa med yosiyana.



4. Kutayika ndi kukumbukira

Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya Harvard akuwonetsa kafukufuku wa 2015 wofalitsidwa mu JAMA Mankhwala Amkati yomwe idasanthula kulumikizana kotheka pakati pa mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira. Atawunikanso zolemba zamankhwala za odwala pafupifupi 11 miliyoni, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti achikulire omwe amatenga ma statins (komanso mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala a cholesterol) anali ndi mwayi wochulukirapo kanayi kuulula kufooka kwa chidziwitso poyerekeza ndi omwe sanali kutenga kalasi yomweyo zamankhwala. Komabe, Harvard akuwonjezeranso kuti kuyanjana sikungapatsidwe kusiyana kwakukulu m'momwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo a statin komanso osakhala a statin amagwirira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, mu nkhani ya 2016 Chisamaliro cha shuga , olemba maphunziro ochokera ku Israeli adasanthula zotsatira kuchokera kumayeso omwewo owonera komanso omwe angachitike. Zotsatira zawo: Milandu yomwe yakhala ikukumbukira kukumbukira inali yosawerengeka, ndipo ofufuzawo adazindikira kuti ubale womwe ulipo sunakhazikitsidwe.



Zotsatira zina zoyipa zochokera ku ma statins ndi monga:

  • Mutu
  • Kuvuta kugona
  • Nseru
  • Chizungulire
  • Kuphulika
  • Kutsekula m'mimba
  • Kukonzanso
  • Chitupa

Zowopsa zakusalolera kwa statin, malinga ndi Chipatala cha Mayo , monga:



  • Ndi akazi
  • Oposa zaka 80
  • Khalani ndi chimango chaching'ono
  • Khalani ndi vuto la impso kapena matenda a chiwindi
  • Khalani ndi hypothyroidism kapena matenda a neuromuscular
  • Tengani mankhwala ena kuti muchepetse cholesterol kapena matenda
  • Kumwa mowa kwambiri
  • Idyani zipatso zamphesa zambiri, kuphatikiza madzi amphesa

Dr. Haythe akuti zovuta zina za ma statins zitha kuthandizidwa mothandizidwa ndi wazachipatala, yemwe angaganize zosintha ku statin ina kapena kutsitsa mlingo wa mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta zilizonse.