Mankhwala omwe amachiza nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa
Zambiri ZamankhwalaMatenda okhumudwa ndi nkhawa ndi matenda awiri omwe amapezeka ku United States. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti ndizofala kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa nthawi imodzi? Pafupifupi anthu 50% omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lakukhumudwitsanso amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la nkhawa, malinga ndi Nkhawa ndi Kukhumudwa Association of America (ADAA).
Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukudwala matendawa kawiri kawiri, mwina mungadzifunse ngati izi zikutanthauza chithandizo chambiri. Osati kwenikweni - pali mankhwala omwe amachiza kupsinjika ndi nkhawa. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzagwira nanu ntchito kuti mudziwe njira yoyenera yothandizira zosowa zanu.
Kodi ndingakhale ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa nthawi yomweyo?
Matenda okhumudwa ndi nkhawa ndi matenda awiri amisala omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta. Kutanthauza, zimachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Matenda okhumudwa ndimatenda amisala omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala osowa chiyembekezo, osowa chiyembekezo, achabechabe komanso achisoni. Pafupifupi 10% aku America amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu (nthawi zina limatchedwa kusokonezeka kwakukulu), malinga ndi Chipatala cha Cleveland . Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadzimvera chisoni nthawi ina, atapanikizika, malingaliro oterewa amatenga nthawi yayitali milungu iwiri kapena kupitilira apo - zowopsa mokwanira kusintha moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Matenda nkhawa amadziwika ndi nkhawa kwambiri, mantha, kapena mantha omwe amakhudza magwiridwe antchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Popanda chithandizo, nkhawa imatha kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi. Pali zovuta zingapo zamavuto, zomwe zimakhala ndizizindikiro zawo.
Pafupi 2% ya anthu ku U.S. ali ndi matenda amisala wamba (GAD). Malinga ndi Richard Shelton , MD, psychiatrist komanso wachiwiri kwa mpando wa kafukufuku ku University of Alabama ku Birmingham, zizindikilo za GAD zimaphatikizapo mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe zimavuta kuwongolera. Matenda ena a nkhawa ndi awa:
- Matenda amantha (PD)
- Matenda osokoneza bongo (SAD)
- Phobias, mongavehophobia, kapena kuopa kuyendetsa
- Matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD)
- Matenda a Posttraumatic (PTSD)
Dr. Shelton akunena kuti kuzindikira wodwala ali ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Ndimangomupatsa wina matenda a comorbid nkhawa ngati ali ndi mavuto asadakhumudwe-kapena atakhala ndi nkhawa, monga kuda nkhawa, akutero. Ananenanso kuti, poganizira izi, pafupifupi 40% ya odwala ake amalandila matenda a nkhawa komanso matenda opsinjika.
Pali kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa kukhumudwa ndi zovuta zamatenda. Mavuto onse a nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa amadziwika ndi nkhawa, atero Dr. Shelton. Komabe, nkhawa yokha ndi lingaliro lokulirapo lomwe limaphatikizapo zizindikilo zomwe zimawoneka m'matenda osiyanasiyana amisala, akuwonjezera Dr. Shelton. Kuphatikiza apo, kuda nkhawa kwambiri kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kukhumudwa, koma kukhumudwa sichizindikiro cha nkhawa.
Matenda okhumudwa ndi nkhawa ali ndi zizindikilo zotsatirazi: kumva kukhumudwa ngati palibe chabwino chomwe chidzachitike, zizindikiritso zathupi (kuphatikiza kupweteka mutu ndi kupweteka m'mimba), ndi kutopa.
Anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, mphamvu zochepa, kudziimba mlandu, komanso malingaliro ofuna kudzipha — izi zimasiyanitsa kupsinjika ndi nkhawa, akutero Dr. Shelton. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la nkhawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha osalekeza, amapewa zochitika, ndipo amakumana ndi nkhawa komanso malingaliro.
Njira zochiritsira kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa
Ngati mukukayikira kumwa mankhwala opanikizika chifukwa cha nkhawa, pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhumudwa komanso nkhawa. Mankhwala ambiri othandiza kupsinjika ndi nkhawa zomwe sizimakhudzana ndi mankhwala ndizosiyanasiyana zamaganizidwe amisala, Dr. Shelton akuti. Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe (CBT) ndi chithandizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo kusintha malingaliro anu komanso machitidwe anu. Njira zina za CBT zimayandikira onjezerani kuchititsa chidwi ndi malingaliro ozindikira.
Dr. Plummer akuti chithandizo china chomwe odwala ena omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa amapeza ndi chothandiza cannabidiol (CBD) , chigawo chimodzi cha chamba chomwe sichimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chamba. Ambiri amati CBD ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukhumudwa komanso nkhawa, koma chamba chochuluka kwambiri chitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mantha, amalangiza. Amachenjezanso kuti iyi si chithandizo chovomerezeka ndi FDA.
ZOKHUDZA: Kafukufuku wa CBD 2020
Zina zina mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Zitha kuphatikizira kusintha kwamachitidwe otsatirawa:
- Magulu othandizira
- Kulankhula chithandizo
- Kusinkhasinkha
- Zochita zopumira
- Kulumikizana ndi abale ndi abwenzi othandizira
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse
- Kudya a zakudya zabwino
- Zowonjezera (monga omega-3 mafuta acids )
Fufuzani ngakhale imasonyeza kuti yoga ingathandize kulimbana ndi kuvutika maganizo kwa ena.
ZOKHUDZA: Chithandizo cha nkhawa ndi mankhwala
Mankhwala a nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa
Pali mankhwala ambiri okhudzana ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa omwe amapezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zonsezi.
Danielle Plummer , Pharm.D., Akuti opanikizika amatha kuthana ndi mantha, nkhawa zamagulu, matenda amisala wamba, ndi mantha. Dr. Shelton akuwonjezeranso kuti mankhwalawa amathandizanso kwa OCD, komanso zochepa kwa PTSD, zomwe sizovuta za nkhawa.
Dr. Plummer akuti chithandizocho chimadalira matenda omwe wodwala amakhala nawo. Pa matenda amisala wamba (GAD), ma SSRIs ndi ma SNRI ali oyamba mzere, akutero. Ananenanso kuti mankhwala omwe amadziwika kwambiri kuti athetse nkhawa komanso nkhawa ndi SSRIs ndi SNRIs.
Kusankha ma serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe ali ndi njira zambiri zochiritsira. Amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zina, kukhumudwa, kapena, nthawi zina, onse nthawi imodzi. SSRIs lepheretsani kubwezeretsanso , kapena kubwezeretsanso, kwa serotonin. Zotsatira zake, ma SSRI amawonjezera serotonin muubongo.
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amafanana ndi ma SSRIs chifukwa nawonso amaletsa kubwezeretsanso ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa serotonin. Mosiyana ndi ma SSRIs, amawonjezeranso norepinephrine, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi gawo limodzi lamaubongo am'maganizo athu.
Dr. Shelton akuti benzodiazepines, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Xanax ndipo Valium .
Ngati wodwala ali ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, ndipo akuwona kuti zisonyezo zakuchepa zikuchepa koma kukhumudwa kwawo sikutero, ndiye kuti dokotala adzawonjezera kuchuluka kwawo. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, akutero.
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| Mankhwala omwe amathetsa nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dzina la mankhwala osokoneza bongo | Gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo | Njira yoyang'anira | Mlingo woyenera | Zotsatira zoyipa |
| Zoloft ( alirezatalischi ndi) | SSRI | Pakamwa | 50 mpaka 200 mg patsiku | Nausea, kutsegula m'mimba, kuchepa kwa njala |
| Paxil ( paroxetine ) | SSRI | Pakamwa | 20 mpaka 50 mg patsiku | Kugona, nseru, kupweteka mutu |
| Prozac ( fluoxetine ) | SSRI | Pakamwa | 20 mpaka 80 mg m'mawa | Kusowa tulo, nseru, mantha |
| Celexa ( citalopram ) | SSRI | Pakamwa | 20 mpaka 40 mg tsiku lililonse m'mawa kapena madzulo | Nsautso, kusowa tulo, chizungulire |
| Lexapro ( kutuloji ) | SSRI | Pakamwa | 10 mpaka 20 mg tsiku lililonse m'mawa kapena madzulo | Kusowa tulo, nseru, kuchepa kwa libido |
| Luvox ( fluvoxamine ) | SSRI | Pakamwa | 50 mpaka 300 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa asanagone | Kugona, kuwodzera, kusowa tulo |
| Cymbalta ( duloxetine ) | SNRI | Pakamwa | 40 mpaka 60 mg patsiku | Nsawawa, pakamwa pouma, kuwodzera |
| Pristiq ( kutuloji ) | SNRI | Pakamwa | 50 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse pafupifupi nthawi yofananira tsiku lililonse | Nsautso, chizungulire, kusowa tulo |
| Kuchita XR (kapisozi) ( venlafaxine XR ) | SNRI | Pakamwa | 37.5 mpaka 225 mg patsiku
| Nsautso, kusokonezeka, pakamwa pouma |
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Kodi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana angayambitse nkhawa?
Dr. Shelton akuti ma SSRIs nthawi zambiri samayambitsa nkhawa. Komabe, ngati wodwala ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndibwino kuyamba pa mlingo wotsika kwambiri kuti wodwalayo azolowere mankhwalawo pang'onopang'ono.
Dr Plummer akuti wodwala yemwe akuyambitsa SSRI atha kuwona kuwonjezeka koyambirira kwa nkhawa. Zimatenga masabata osachepera awiri kapena anayi, nthawi zina kupitilira apo, kuti ma SSRI afike pamlingo wa serotonin wofunikira kuti athetse kukhumudwa kapena nkhawa, akutero.
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Bwanji ngati nkhawa yanga ikhala bwino, koma kukhumudwa kwanga sikutero?
Nthawi zina SSRI imagwira ntchito kuti ichepetse nkhawa, koma sizingakhale zothandiza kwa wodwala yemwe alibe mphamvu kapena nkhawa, atero Dr. Shelton. Ngati kuwonjezera mlingo wa mankhwalawo sikugwira ntchito, mankhwala ena oti athane ndi mphamvu zochepa azidziwitsidwa. SSRI kwenikweni imawoneka kuti imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri masango azizindikiro za nkhawa, koma pali zina zopewetsa kupsinjika zomwe zimakhala zosiyana, Dr. Shelton akufotokoza.
Wellbutrin (bupropion) ndimatenda anthawi zonse omwe amalimbana ndi kukhumudwa komanso mphamvu zochepa, koma zimatha kukulitsa nkhawa. Ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi SSRI, atero Dr. Shelton, ngati kukhumudwa sikuchepetsedwa kwathunthu.
ZOKHUDZA: Chithandizo cha kupsinjika ndi mankhwala | Wellbutrin ndi chiyani?
Monga nthawi zonse, onetsetsani kuti mumalankhula ndi akatswiri azaumoyo zamankhwala kuti ndi njira iti yamankhwala kapena njira yothandizira. Ngati mukukumana ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha, mukuganiza zodzipweteka nokha, kapena mukufuna kulankhula ndi wina, lemberani Njira Yodzitetezera Kudzipha pa 1-800-273-KULANKHULA (8255). Hotline iyi ilipo kwaulere, 24/7 kwa aliyense amene akukumana ndi mavuto am'maganizo kapena malingaliro ofuna kudzipha.
