Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mkati mwa thupi lanu mukamamwa mankhwala?

Zambiri Zamankhwala

Kumeza piritsi, dikirani pang'ono, mukumva bwino-osavuta, sichoncho? Osati ndendende.

Njira ya ADME ndi yotani?

Ulendo wamankhwala wodutsa m'thupi lanu-malangizo omwe amapezeka mu pharmacology otchedwa pharmacokinetics-ndiosavuta. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe mankhwala amalowa mthupi lanu mpaka nthawi yomwe imachoka, zambiri zimachitika. Asayansi adatcha ndondomekoyi ADME, yochepa kuyamwa, kugawa, kagayidwe kake, ndipo pamapeto pake, kutulutsa. Koma kodi mankhwala amachokera pati A (mayamwidwe) mpaka pa E (excretion)? Tidafunsa akatswiriwo.

Kuyamwa

Kuyamwa kumadalira kwambiri makina operekera mankhwala. Majekeseni amadutsa gawo loyamwa chifukwa amaperekedwa molunjika kumagazi. Koma mankhwala ambiri omwe timamwa kunyumba ali mu mapiritsi kapena kapisozi, ndipo omwe amafunika kuyamwa m'mimba kapena m'mimba (m'matumbo). Mwakulankhula kwasayansi, mankhwalawa amafunika kuti asungunuke asanalowemo magazi.

Zikumveka molunjika, koma, monga zinthu zambiri zamankhwala, sichoncho. Acidity ya m'mimba ndi m'matumbo, komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwalawo, imatha kukhudza kuyamwa. Ditto yodzaza ndi zokutira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwalawa.

Mimba ili ndi acidic, akufotokoza Colin Campbell, Ph.D., pulofesa wothandizirana naye wazamankhwala ku Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya University of Minnesota ku Minneapolis. Zomwe timazitcha mankhwala ofooka a asidi, monga aspirin, amalowetsedwa bwino pamenepo. Koma mankhwala ofooka ofooka, monga morphine, amakhala ndi mayamwidwe pang'onopang'ono chifukwa, pokhapokha ataperekedwa ndi jakisoni, amayenera kuchoka pamalo okhala ndi asidi kwambiri m'mimba kupita kumalo osalowererapo m'matumbo kuti ayamwe.

Kufalitsa

Mankhwala atatha kupeza mwayi wamagazi, magaziwo amawagawira kumatumba a thupi.

Momwe zimachitikira zimadalira kwambiri mankhwala.

Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osungunuka mafuta (monga mbalambanda , steroid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kutupa) imafufuza maselo amafuta pomwe amasungunuka mosavuta ndikudutsa muzitunda zama cell. Mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi, monga atenolol , amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumamatira m'magazi ndi madzi am'madzi ozungulira.

China chomwe chimakhudza kugawa ndikuti mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mamolekyulu akulu kapena ang'ono. Mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsira amakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mamolekyulu-ndipo pachifukwa chabwino. Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu, monga Nexium (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a gastroesophageal reflux), amatha mosavuta kudzera m'makhungu kuti apitilize ulendo wawo. Mankhwala akuluakulu a molekyulu, monga insulini, amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kulowetsa ma nembanemba ndipo amapatsidwa bwino ndi jakisoni.

Kagayidwe

Metabolism, yotchedwanso biotransformation, nthawi zambiri imachitika m'chiwindi.

Pakugawana, mankhwalawa amapititsidwa ku chiwindi kudzera munjira yachilengedwe kapena mothandizidwa ndi omwe amatchedwa onyamula omwe amapezeka pamaselo a ziwalo. Mavitamini apadera omwe ali m'chiwindi amasintha mankhwalawo ndikusandutsa mawonekedwe omwe amatha kutulutsidwa mosavuta.

Koma pali kugwira. Nkhani zomwe zimakhudza chiwindi zimatha kukhudza momwe mankhwala amawonongekera mwachangu. Cirrhosis (kapena mabala a chiwindi), mwachitsanzo, zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mankhwala azitha kupukusidwa, kuwasiya kuti akhalebe m'thupi nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala ochepa amapangidwanso mu impso.

Ndipo mankhwala ena amatha kuyambitsa michere kapena othandizira onyamula, atero a Joseph Grillo, Pharm.D., Director director for labeling and health communication ku Office of Clinical Pharmacology ku FDA. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhalebe m'thupi nthawi yayitali komanso zochulukirapo kuposa momwe zingafunikire, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wakupha, akuti.

Kuchotsa

Excretion ndi njira yomwe thupi limadzichotsera lokha mankhwala, ndipo makamaka imagwiridwa ndi impso ndi mkodzo womwe amapanga. Ngati mankhwala samasefedwa mosavuta ndi impso, nthawi zina amatha kusinthidwa ndi chiwindi kuti zotsalira zitha kudutsa mumkodzo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe sangathe kusefedwa ndi impso amadutsa m'mabotolo a biliary m'chiwindi ndikusiya thupi kudzera mu ndowe.

Pambuyo pa ADME: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Zambiri zimakhudza momwe thupi lanu limapangidwira mankhwala. Pongoyambira, pali:

• Zaka . Ziwalo zakale sizigwira ntchito moyenera monga achichepere, zomwe zikutanthauza momwe chiwindi, m'mimba, kapena impso zanu zimapangidwira mankhwala pa 25 ndizosiyana ndi 65. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe anthu achikulire amatenga kumathandizanso pantchitoyi.
• Gender . Chifukwa timasiyana thupi, mafuta, kuchuluka kwa madzi amthupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kupita ku ziwalo ndi mahomoni, ADME imatha kukhala yosiyana mwa amuna ndi akazi.
• Zamkatimu zam'mimba . Palibe chowopseza chachikulu pano kuti cheeseburger ndi batala zomwe mudadya mutamwa mankhwala anu zitha kuchepetsa ulendo wamankhwala. Zakudya zambiri zimalowa bwino m'matumbo, atero Campbell. Koma mimba yathunthu imachedwetsa kuyamwa ndikumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali kusunthira m'matumbo. Mbali inayi, mankhwala ena ayenera kumwedwa ndi chakudya chokwanira.

Mfundo yofunika? Tsatirani malangizo. Werengani botolo la mankhwala ndi chilichonse cholembedwera mosamala, ndikufunsani mafunso ngati mukufuna kufotokozera, Dr. Grillo akuti.