Kodi mungapeze chimfine chifukwa cha chimfine?

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Pamene masiku otentha a chilimwe amayamba kuzirala ndipo mpweya umayamba kutembenuka, nthano Katemera wa chimfine amayamba kufalikira-akuwoneka ngati wopatsirana ngati kachilombo ka fuluwenza. Zinthu zomwe timamva zimakhudzana ndi nkhawa zakudwala chimfine ndipo odwala akutiuza kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino ndipo samadwala chimfine, akuti Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie , MD, Ph.D., pulofesa wothandizira matenda opatsirana ku Montefiore Health System.

Zikhulupiriro zina zimaphatikizapo kusasowa katemera chaka chilichonse kuti atetezedwe, katemera wa chimfine sakhala othandiza, komanso chimfine sichowopsa. Ndi malingaliro olakwika onsewa, ochepera theka Akuluakulu ku United States amalandira katemera pachaka, ngakhale kuti aku America aku 337,157 anamwalira kuchokera chimfine pakati pa 2010 ndi 2019.

Ngakhale ndizofala kukumana ndi zovuta zina kuchokera ku katemera wa chimfine, zovuta zazikulu ndizosowa kwambiri, ndipo kupeza chimfine kuchokera ku katemerayu sizotheka. Nazi njira zodziwira zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera.

Zotsatira za chimfine

Zotsatira zoyipa za chimfine nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu awiri: momwe tsamba limayendera ndi machitidwe ake.

Zochitika patsamba ndimayankho am'deralo mozungulira tsamba la jakisoni lomwe lingaphatikizepo kutupa, kupweteka, kusapeza bwino, kapena kupweteka. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chimfine.

Zochita zadongosolo amakonda kukhala chifukwa chomwe anthu amaganiza kuti akudwala chimfine, ngakhale pomwe sali. Katemera amakonzekeretsa ndi 'kuphunzitsa' chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chithe kulimbana ndi kachilombo ka fuluwenza chaka chino, ndipo zizindikilo zochepa ndizizindikiro zakuti chitetezo chamthupi chimaphunzira ndikulabadira katemerayu, atero Dr. Gendlina.

Anthu ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa ngati chimfine monga kutentha thupi pang'ono, kutopa, kupweteka kwa minofu, kusokonezeka kwammphuno, mphuno, kukhosomola kwapakhosi komanso kumva kutsika. Izi ndizofala komanso kuyembekezeredwa, malinga ndi Dr. Gendlina. Ngakhale chimfine chimadziwombera chokha chimasiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka, zovuta zomwe zimafala zimakhalabe zofanana, mwina ndi zizindikiritso zina monga kupweteka kwa thupi kukuwonekera kwambiri chaka chimodzi motsutsana ndi chaka china. Nthawi zina, kukomoka kumanenedwa kutsatira chimfine, pamlingo wofanana ndi katemera wina. (Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuli bwino kutero Khalani pansi ndikulandira katemera wanu ndikuwonetsedwa kwa mphindi 15 pambuyo pake.)

Pomaliza, ndizotheka kuti anthu ena amakumana ndi zovuta za katemera chifukwa cha nocebo zotsatira , yomwe imachitika pakachitika chinthu chovuta chifukwa cha ziyembekezo zoyipa zokhudzana ndi chithandizo kapena mankhwala. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuuzidwa kuti mutha kukhala ndi vuto kumatha kukupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi zotsatirapo, ngakhale mutapatsidwa mankhwala a placebo.

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi kumwa mowa mukalandira katemera kulibwino?

Chimfine kuwombera zochita

Zovuta zazikulu kutsatira katemera wa chimfine ndi chosowa kwambiri ndipo katemerayu ali ndi mbiri yabwino yachitetezo, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), omwe amayang'anira chitetezo cha katemera limodzi ndi FDA. Kutsata ndi kuwunika zochitika zonse zokhudzana ndi katemera, CDC ndi FDA zimagwiritsa ntchito katemera wa Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting ( VAERS ).

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa zizindikilo zofatsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi katemera wa chimfine (zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa) ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chazovuta, akutero Dr. Ngakhale ndizosowa, zovuta zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake zimachitika posachedwa katemera atatha — mkati mwa mphindi zochepa mpaka maola.

Kupuma pang'ono ndi kutupa pakhosi ndizomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri mukakumana ndi katemera wa chimfine. Chovuta kwambiri komanso chowopseza moyo, anaphylaxis, chimachitika mu katemera wochepera 1%, akuti Randell Wexler, MD , dokotala wazachipatala pabanja ku Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.

Kutengera zoopsa zomwe wodwala ali nazo komanso mtundu wa katemera, ena othandizira zaumoyo adzafunsa odwala kuti akhalebe muofesi kwa mphindi 15 pambuyo poyang'anira kuti awonetsetse kuti sakuchitapo kanthu, pomwe othandizira ena amafuna kuti odwala onse adikire mphindi 15. Kwa anthu ena, zimawonekera mobwerezabwereza asanakumane ndi zovuta zina. Kwa ena, zomwe zimachitikazo zimawonjezereka pang'onopang'ono nthawi iliyonse akawonekera, a Dr. Wexler atero.

Kuphatikiza pa magawo a katemera weniweni wa immunogen, palinso zinthu zina zomwe zingapezeke mu mitundu ingapo ya katemera, mwina kuthandizira kukhazikika ndi kuteteza katemerayo, kapena kutsalira pakupanga katemera. Mitundu ina ya katemera wa chimfine imaphatikizaponso zinthu zina zochepa monga thimerosal preservative, mankhwala ochepa otsalira a maantibayotiki kuti athandizire kupewa kuipitsidwa, latex wachilengedwe kapena labala ngati gawo la katemera, dzira mapuloteni ochokera ku cell cell kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira katemera, kapena formaldehyde kuchokera pakupanga, Dr. Gendlina akuti. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi zinthu zina ayenera kukambirana ndi madotolo awo za katemera wa chimfine.

Zizindikiro zakupsa mtima zimaphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, ming'oma, kufooka, chizungulire, kupuma, ndi kutupa mozungulira maso kapena milomo. Ngati izi zichitika pambuyo pa katemera wa chimfine, pitani kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi. Zomwe zimachitika ziyeneranso kufotokozedwera ku VARES kuti CDC ndi FDA zitha kupitiliza kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika ndikuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika.

Kodi mungapeze chimfine chifukwa cha chimfine?

Ngakhale zizindikiro zofatsa monga kutentha thupi pang'ono, kupweteka mutu, ndi kupweteka kwa minofu ndizofala pakutsatira katemera, izi sizofanana kwenikweni ndi kudwala kapena kudwala chimfine. Katemera wa chimfine mulibe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a fuluwenza, ndipo kuwomberako chimfine sikuli ndi kachilombo kalikonse, atero Dr. Gendlina.

M'malo mwake, zomwe zikuchitika mukakumana ndi zizindikilozi ndikuti thupi likukhazikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ku katemera wa chimfine pomwe amaphunzira kuthana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Wina akakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa pambuyo poti chimfine chawonongeka, zimasonyeza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chimayankha katemerayu. Monga momwe sizingakupatseni chimfine, sizimakupangitsani kudwala. Katemerayu amatulutsa chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chingakupangitseni kuti muchepetse, koma si chimfine ndipo palibenso choipa ngati chimfine, Dr. Wexler akufotokoza.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti mutha kupezabe chimfine ngakhale mutalandira katemera, ndikuti ichi si ubale wazomwe zimayambitsa. Katemera amachokera pa kuneneratu zamtundu wa ma fuluwenza omwe akuyembekezeka kufalikira chaka chino, ndipo ngati ulosiwo suli wolondola, katemerayu atha kukhala woteteza pang'ono kuposa momwe amayembekezera, akutero Gendlina.Ngati mwalandira katemera, chitetezo cha mthupi chithandizabe kulimbana ndi matendawa ngati mutadwala chimfine, zomwe mwina zimadzetsa matenda ocheperako kuposa momwe simunalandire katemera.

Ndani ayenera kudumpha chimfine?

Ngakhale katemera wa chimfine amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa aliyense wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo, pali anthu ochepa omwe ayenera kuwalingalira, akuti Dr. Wexler.Palinso anthu ena omwe angakhale oyenerera mtundu wina wa katemera kuposa wina, motero ndikofunikira kupeza upangiri wazachipatala pazomwe mungachite bwino. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa kwambiri ndi izi:

• Zaka: Ana ochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi sayenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine. (Pamene mayi alandira katemera ali ndi pakati, zimathandiza kuteteza mwana m'miyezi yoyambirira. Mkaka wa m'mawere umathandizanso kuteteza mwana ku chimfine chifukwa chimakhala ndi ma antibodies.) Kuonjezera apo, omwe sanakwanitse zaka 18 sayenera kulandira the Katemera wa fuluwenza , ndi katemera wothandizira komanso wambiri Amangovomerezedwa kwa akulu okalamba azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo.
• Matenda owopsa a dzira: Katemera ambiri a chimfine amapangidwa mchikhalidwe chokhala ndi mazira ndipo amatha kukhala ndi mapuloteni otsala a dzira, atero Dr. Gendlina. Omwe amatha kudya mazira kapena mazira osaphika mopepuka sangawonongeke ndi chimfine. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la anaphylactic m'mazira ayenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine pamalo oyang'aniridwa azachipatala kapena alankhule ndi dokotala wawo za kapangidwe ka katemera wopanda chimfine wopanda mazira monga Flublok .
• Zovuta zina: Omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zowononga moyo pachinthu chilichonse cha katemera monga gelatin, maantibayotiki, kapena zinthu zina ayenera kupewa chimfine.
• Zizindikiro za chimfine: Odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kapena omwe akudwala ayenera kukambirana ndi omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala.
• Matenda a Guillain-Barré: Iwo omwe adakhalapo kale Matenda a Guillain-Barré (GBS) ayenera kukambirana ngati akuyenera kudwala chimfine ndi dokotala wawo.
• Zotsatira zam'mbuyomu: Anthu omwe anali ndi vuto lodana ndi chimfine m'mbuyomu ayenera kupewa katemera wamatenda amtsogolo.

Katemera wa mphuno amakhala zoletsa zosiyana kwa omwe sayenera kulandira katemerayu. Ngati mukukumana ndi matenda aliwonse omwe ali pansipa kapena kugwera mgulu lililonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kulandira mtundu wina wa katemera:

• Ana ochepera 2
• Akuluakulu kuposa 50
• Ana achichepere omwe ali ndi mphumu kapena mbiri yakupuma
• Ana azaka zapakati pa 2 mpaka 17 omwe akumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi aspirin kapena salicylates
• Amayi apakati
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira kapena amakhala ndi kapena amasamalira munthu wopanda chitetezo chokwanira

Mfundo yofunika

Chimfine ndi matenda oopsa omwe angayambitse matenda a sinus, chibayo, kuchipatala, kapena kufa, koma katemerayu amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda mpaka 60% . Mwakutero, CDC imalimbikitsa anthu ambiri opitilira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi-kuphatikiza amayi apakati-kudwala chimfine. Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti thupi limange chitetezo chokwanira kuchokera kuchimfine cha nyengo, chifukwa chake lingalirani kuwombera kwanu posachedwa, popeza thupi limakhalabe pachiwopsezo chodwala pomwe likumanga chitetezo chamthupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, pomwe chimfine sichiteteza ku COVID-19, kupezeka kwa mliri kumapangitsa kuti katemera wa chimfine akhale wofunikira kwambiri pazifukwa zingapo. Kutenga fuluwenza kumatha kupangitsa kuti odwala azitha kulimbana ndi vuto la COVID-19, ndipo kutenga onsewa nthawi yomweyo kumatha kukhala koopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatala zomwe zikugwiranso kale matenda a coronavirus zitha kutenthedwa ndi nyengo yozizira.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi chimfine, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pazachipatala kapena wamankhwala.