Kodi mapulani okhudzana ndi thanzi labwino ndi otani?

Kampani

Kukhala ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo ndikofunikira, koma sikokwanira nthawi zonse. Ma premium a mapulani omwe amapereka zotsika kuchotsedwa ndipo ndalama zotsika mthumba sizotheka ambiri. Lowetsani dongosolo lazachipatala lochepetsedwa. Ndondomeko yathanzi yochepetsedwa imatha kukupulumutsirani ndalama ndikulolani kusinthasintha kuposa mapulani azachipatala. Nazi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanalembe.

Kodi mapulani okhudzana ndi thanzi labwino ndi otani?

Mapulani okhudzana ndi thanzi labwino (HDHPs) ndi mapulani a inshuwaransi omwe amachotsera ndalama zambiri kuposa momwe mungakhalire ndi zofalitsa zachikhalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kulipira ndalama zambiri zothandizira zaumoyo mthumba lanu koyambirira kwa chaka kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi isanayambe kugawana nanu za chisamaliro. Nthawi zambiri mulibe fayilo ya kukopera kwachikhalidwe , mwina; mudzalipira m'thumba pa 100% mpaka mutakumana ndi kuchotsera kwanu kwapachaka. Kupatula kwa kutsimikizika ndi chisamaliro choteteza , yomwe imaphimbidwa mokwanira monga momwe Affordable Care Act (ACA). Mapulaniwa atha kuphatikizidwa ndi akaunti yosunga thanzi (HSA) kotero kuti ndalama zina zandalama zitha kulipiridwa popanda msonkho.

IRS imatanthauzira mapulani apamwamba okhudzana ndi thanzi pa zambiri mwatsatanetsatane : The deductible yokha iyenera kukhala yochepera $ 1,400 pamalingaliro amunthu kapena $ 2,800 pa pulani yamabanja, ndipo ndalama zotulutsira mthumba pachaka sizingadutse $ 6,900 kwa munthu m'modzi kapena $ 13,800 yabanja. Malirewo, komabe, sagwira ntchito ngati mumalandira ntchito zakunja kwa netiweki.

Ma HDHP ndiwotchuka, nawonso-ndi pulani yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri pambuyo pa mapulani azaumoyo a PPO. Malinga ndi Kafukufuku wa 2019 Kaiser Family Foundation Wolemba Ntchito Zaumoyo , 30% ya anthu ogwira ntchito adasankha kulembetsa nawo mapulani azachipatala okhala ndi mwayi waukulu wa HSA. Chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, pomwe ma PPO wamba akukhala ocheperako.

Kodi mapulani a HDHP amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mukakhala ndi pulani yayikulu yodulira ndalama, mumakhala ndi inshuwaransi yovomerezeka - mumangolipira ndalama zochepa pamwezi ndi zolipirira mthumba ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsimikizo . Kwa munthu payekha, mudzalipira 100% ya mtengo wopita kukayendera adotolo, kuyesa, ndi kulandira chithandizo kufikira mutakwanitsa kuchotseredwa. Kenako inshuwaransi yanu imalowerera (kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kwa zomwe amalipira kumasiyana malinga ndi dongosolo) mpaka mutakwanitsa kuchuluka kwanu mthumba. Mukakumana ndi izi, inshuwaransi imalipira chilichonse (poganiza kuti omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ali netiweki yanu).

Mitengo ya inshuwaransi imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe mungakonzekerere, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana zida zanu za inshuwaransi kuti mupeze ndalama zanu.

Ngati mungasankhe kukhala ndi HSA palimodzi ndi inshuwaransi yanu, inu kapena abwana anu mupereka zopereka kuakaunti yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulipilira ndalama zina zaulere. Monga munthu, mutha kupereka mpaka $ 3,550; mabanja atha kupereka mpaka $ 7,100. Olemba anzawo ntchito nthawi zambiri amapereka zopereka za HSA pamwamba panu, chifukwa chake simumayenera kudalira cheke chanu cha ndalama zonsezo - koma palimodzi, wolemba anzawo ntchito komanso wopitilira sangapitirire kuchuluka kwake.

ZOKHUDZA: Ntchito zaumoyo za 5 zomwe muyenera kuchita mukakumana ndi deductible yanu

Kodi ma HDHP amaphimba malamulo?

Chifukwa mapulani apamwamba okhudzana ndi zaumoyo nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi zabwino zofananira ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, mankhwala omwe amakupatsani amakwaniritsidwa ndi chitsimikizo chofanana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala anu amawononga $ 10 pamtengo wonse, mudzalipira mpaka mutakumana ndi deductible yanu, kenako mutha kulipira $ 2 kamodzi inshuwaransi itayamba. Koma sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse, ma HDHP ena ali ndi mankhwala komanso mankhwala deductible pomwe ena satero. Onani zomwe mwalemba ndi fomu yanu kuti muwone kuchuluka kwake kwa inu.

Kodi maubwino apamtengowu ndi otani?

Phindu lalikulu la mapulani okhathamira kwambiri? Ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe zimatuluka m'thumba mwanu mwezi uliwonse ngati simugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chazaumoyo pafupipafupi, kapena ayi. Ndalamazo ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi dongosolo lazachipatala. Ndipo ngati simupita kwa dokotala pafupipafupi, kapena muli ndi banja laling'ono lokhala ndi ochepa odalira, ndiye zabwino zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mungasungire zokwanira mu HSA, mudzakhala ndi ndalama zoyikiridwa kale kuti mulipire ndalama zonse zomwe simunayembekezere kuti mungalandire.

Zoyipa zake ndi ziti?

Kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa komanso kuchotsera kwambiri kumatha kuwoneka ngati chinthu chabwino pamtunda ngati simupita kwa dokotala nthawi zambiri, koma zimatha kukutsutsani. Ngati mwakhala mukuwonongeka ndi galimoto kapena mukumva kupweteka kwa mtima, mwachitsanzo, mutha kupita kwa dokotala kuposa momwe mumayembekezera kuti akupezeni ndikuchiritsidwa-zomwe, ngati simunakumane ndi deductible yanu, zitha kukupangitsani kuwononga ndalama zambiri ndalama zochuluka pamaulendo kuposa momwe mungakhalire ndi dongosolo lazachipatala.

Kutengera ndi momwe mumasamalirira thanzi lanu, mutha kukhala ovuta kuposa momwe mungakhalire. An Okutobala 2017 kuphunzira mu Zaumoyo adawonetsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi mapulani okhudzana ndi thanzi nthawi zambiri amadumpha zowunikira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipinda chadzidzidzi pazinthu zomwe sizingafune kupita kuchipinda chadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza, a Pepala loyera la 2014 lochokera ku University of Michigan adawonetsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri amadumphira kuchipatala palimodzi poopa kulipira zambiri kuposa zomwe angakwanitse.

Izi zikunenedwa, ngati mwakonzeka kulipira ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera zothandizira zaumoyo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mapulani okwera kwambiri posinthana ndi ndalama zochepa, ndipo mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi moyenera, mwina sipangakhale zambiri zoti muzidera nkhawa.

Kodi HDHP ndiyabwino kuposa PPO?

KUNdondomeko ya PPO-Kapena bungwe loyang'anira - ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe inshuwaransi yazaumoyo imathandizira. Monga mapulani okwezedwa kwambiri, nonse muli ndi intaneti komanso omwe alibe netiweki. Ogulitsa kunja kwa netiweki amawononga zambiri kuti awone. Mapulani onsewa amakhala ndi zinthu zomwezi, koma mapulani a PPO nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolipira zapamwamba zophatikizidwa ndi zotsitsa zochepa komanso zolipirira mthumba kuposa ma HDHP. Komanso, ndi ma PPO, simungagwiritse ntchito HSA molumikizana ndi inshuwaransi yanu.

Chisankho pakati pa HDHP kapena PPO chimadalira momwe mumakaonana ndi dokotala kangati. A PPO atha kukhala abwino ngati mungakhale omasuka kulipira patsogolo ndikukonzekera kukaonana ndi dokotala pafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo, matenda osatha nthawi zambiri amafuna maulendo a dokotala pafupipafupi. Ngati mungasunge ndalama zambiri mwezi ndi mwezi ndipo musayembekezere zovuta zamankhwala, HDHP ikhoza kukhala yabwinoko.

Kodi ndiyenera kupeza HSA?

Akaunti yosungitsa thanzi amakulimbikitsani pang'ono mukamagwiritsa ntchito molumikizana ndi HDHP. Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Mwezi uliwonse, kuchotsedwa kwa malipiro kumayika ndalama mu HSA yanu. Ngati muli ndi pulani ya inshuwaransi pantchito, ndizotheka kuti abwana anu atha kuthandizanso ku HSA.

Ndalama za HSA zilipo kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngati kirediti kadi kapena macheke. Mukamalipira ndalama zoyenerera kuchipatala —Monga deductibles, copays, ntchito ya mano, magalasi, kutema mphini, mankhwala, ngakhale mankhwala owonjezera pa counter - mumatero ndi khadi kapena macheke.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri simungathe kulipira ndalama ndi HSA yanu, ngakhale nthawi zina, ndalama za COBRA ndi inshuwaransi yamankhwala imalipira mukakhala pa ulova akhoza kubwezeredwa kudzera mu akauntiyi. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha kalendala, ndalama zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo muakauntiyi zimadutsa chaka chamawa.

Kuyenerera kwa HSA

Tsoka ilo, si aliyense amene ali woyenera kwa HSA. Muyenera kukhala ndi pulani yoyenera yoyenereradi malinga ndi malangizo a IRS pamwambapa. Ngati abwana anu sakupereka HSA, mutha kuyipeza kuchokera ku kampani yabizinesi-komabe ndi pulani ya inshuwaransi yoyenereradi. Kumbukirani kuti si onse a HDHP omwe amayenerera HSA. Ngati ndinu wamkulu kuposa 65 komanso Medicare, simungathe kutsegula HSA. Simulephera kuthandizanso pa zomwe muli nazo kale.

Zotsatira za HSA

Pali zabwino zochepa zokhala ndi HSA pokhapokha mutangogula msonkho usanachitike. Simulipira misonkho pa akaunti kapena pazoyenera za HSA. Kupereka ndalama mwachindunji kuchokera kumalipiro anu kumakupatsani mwayi wokhometsa msonkho ngati momwe mumapangira ndalama zochepa (malipiro anu poyerekeza ndi omwe mudapereka mchaka chino). Ndipo, mutha kuyika ndalama mu HSA yanu m'malo mozigwiritsa ntchito pazithandizo zamankhwala.

HSA kuipa

Ngati mungapeze HSA, pali zovuta zina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa. Boma lili ndi malangizo amomwe mungaperekere ndalama ku HSA. Malinga ndi manambala aposachedwa kuchokera ku IRS, anthu atha kungopereka $ 3,550. Mabanja amangokhoza kupereka mpaka $ 7,100. Mwamwayi ndalamazo ndizopitilira kawiri zomwe zidachotsedwa. Ngati mwasunga ndalama zokwanira, mutha kulipira ndalama zonsezo mpaka mutakumana nazo.

Zina zoyipa kwa HSA ndikuti zimangokhala zantchito zachipatala. Simungawononge ndalamazo kugula kulikonse kosayenerera, apo ayi mudzakhala ndi udindo wolipira msonkho pamalopo. Ngati muli ochepera zaka 65 ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo pazinthu zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mudzalipira chindapusa pamwamba pa msonkho wa ndalama. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zaka zopitilira 65, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo pachilichonse ndikukhomeredwa msonkho mofanana ndi kukoka ku IRA. Chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti mwasunga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo mwanzeru.

ZOKHUDZA: HSA vs. FSA vs. HRA

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