Waukulu >> Maphunziro A Zaumoyo >> 411 pa A1C: Mulingo wabwinobwino wa A1C ndi njira 15 zotsitsira A1C

411 pa A1C: Mulingo wabwinobwino wa A1C ndi njira 15 zotsitsira A1C

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Mayeso a hemoglobin A1C ndi chinthu choyandikira kwambiri pamakalata a shuga omwe mungapeze. Kaya wina ali ndi matenda a shuga kwazaka zambiri kapena ngati angomupeza kumene, mwina amvapo za kuyesaku. Mosiyana ndi mamitala a shuga m'magazi omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito kunyumba, A1C imayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo posanthula kuchuluka kwa maselo a hemoglobin a wodwala omwe amakhala ndi shuga. Zotsatira za mayeso zimayang'anitsitsa momwe munthu akuyendetsera matenda ake ashuga.

Kodi A1C imayimira chiyani?

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), yotchedwa A1C, imayimira hemoglobin ya glycosylated. Chiyeso cha A1C (chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa HbA1C test kapena glycohemoglobin test) chimapereka chidziwitso cha momwe matenda a shuga amathandizira. Imachita izi poyesa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ofiira a magazi a hemoglobin omwe shuga amamatira pamenepo ndipo amakupatsani kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi atatu, akufotokoza Marie Bellantoni , MD, endocrinologist wovomerezeka pa board ku Center for Endocrinology ku Mercy Medical ku Baltimore. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikumagazi komwe kumamangiriridwa ndi hemoglobin. Zotsatirazi zimapatsa odwala ndi omwe amawasamalira zaumoyo momwe chithandizo chawo, zakudya zawo, komanso mankhwala awo akugwirira ntchito komanso ngati zosintha ndizofunikira.

ZOKHUDZA: Mankhwala a shuga ndi mankhwala

Mayeso a A1C

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe dokotala angaperekere mayeso a A1C:

Kupanga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri
Kuyesa ma prediabetes
Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi
Kuti mudziwe ngati pakufunika kusintha kwa mankhwala

Kuyezetsa magazi kwa A1C sikuti kupezako mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, matenda ashuga, kapena cystic fibrosis yokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, malinga ndi National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Impso Diseases ( NIDDK ).

Kodi muyenera kusala kudya kukayezetsa magazi A1C?

Mosiyana ndi kusala magazi m'magazi a glucose (FPG) ndi mayeso a OGTT, palibe chifukwa chofulumira musanayezedwe kwa A1C. Ngati zotsatira za mayeso a A1C zikuwonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena atha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kupereka lingaliro limodzi mwa mayesowa kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zake. Mayeso ena, kuyezetsa magazi m'magazi mosasunthika, komwe sikufuna kusala kudya, atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ngati zotsatirazo ndizopanda malire kapena ngati zotsatira za mayesero osiyanasiyana sizikugwirizana, dokotala atha kunena kuti kubwereza kuyesaku pakadutsa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo.

Mayeso a A1C ndi olondola motani?

Magawo a A1C amakula bwino matenda ashuga asanafike, ndikupangitsa kuti azindikire mwachangu malinga ndi Miyezo ya 2017 Yachipatala mu Matenda A shuga ndi American Diabetes Association (ADA). Nthawi zina, komabe, kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikokwanira kuti kuwoneke ngati kwamavuto. Malo oyesera, monga kutentha kwa labu, zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuwunika zitsanzo, zingakhudze zotsatira; komabe, izi ndizofala kwambiri m'magazi a plasma osala kudya ndiOGTT kuposa mu A1C. Kuwongolera kwamakhalidwe oyeserera komanso kupita patsogolo pakuyesa kwapangitsa mayeso a A1C kukhala olondola kwambiri kuposa kale, malinga ndi NIDDK. Madokotala ayenera kudziwa ma laboratories omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsimikiziridwa ndi NGSP yoyesera milingo ya A1C. NIDDK imachenjeza kuti magazi omwe amatengedwa kunyumba kapena kusanthula muofesi ya othandizira azaumoyo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira.

Pali zikhalidwe zina zaumoyo zomwe zingasokoneze zotsatira za mayeso. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
Impso kulephera
Matenda a chiwindi
Matenda ochepetsa magazi
Chithandizo cha erythropoietin
Dialysis
Kutaya magazi kapena kuthiridwa magazi

Komanso, mayesowo atha kukhala osadalirika kwa anthu aku Africa, Mediterranean, kapena Southeast Asia, anthu omwe ali ndi achibale omwe ali ndi sickle cell anemia, komanso omwe ali ndi thalassemia. Kwa iwo omwe agwera m'magulu awa, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kupereka mayesero ena kapena A1C yapadera.

Kodi A1C imayesedwa kangati?

Kuti miyezo ya A1C isamayende bwino, odwala amayenera kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza. Ngati A1C ndi yochepera 5.7, ikusonyeza kuti mulibe matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyezetsa zaka zitatu zilizonse, malinga ndi a Robert Williams, MD, dokotala wabanja komanso wazachipatala ku Lakewood, Colorado, komanso mlangizi wa zamankhwala eMediHealth . Ngati ili pakati pa 5.7 ndi 6.4, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti muli pachiwopsezo chodwala matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyambiranso chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri. Ngati mukudwala matenda ashuga, ndipo shuga wamagazi anu amayang'aniridwa bwino, muyenera kuyesa mayeso a A1C miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga ndipo mankhwala anu asintha, kapena shuga lanu la magazi silimayang'aniridwa bwino, muyenera kuyesa mayeso a A1C miyezi itatu iliyonse.

Mulingo wabwinobwino wa A1C

Pali malangizo ena omasulira zotsatira za A1C. Komabe, palinso zosiyana, malinga ndi ADA. Malangizo onse ndi awa:

Pansi pa 5.7: Osakhala ndi matenda ashuga
Pakati pa 5.7 ndi 6.4:Matenda a shuga
Pakati pa 6.0 ndi 6.9: Matenda a shuga
Pakati pa 7.0 ndi 8.9: Matenda a shuga osalamulirika
Kuposa 9.0: Mkulu kwambiri

Kuti muwone, kuchuluka kwa A1C kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda ashuga ndi 4% mpaka 5.6%.

Kodi mulingo wabwino wa A1C ndi uti?

Mipata pakati pa 5.7 ndi 6.4 imalingaliridwa matenda ashuga . Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, cholinga chachikulu cha A1C ndikukhala ndi pakati pa 6.0 ndi 6.9. Ngakhale zitha kumveka ngati cholinga cha A1C chili pansi pa 6.0, kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mulingo uwu ukhoza kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi, omwe atha kukhala owopsa monganso shuga wambiri wamagazi. Zotsatira za A1C zikagwa pakati pa 7.0 ndi 8.9, adokotala atha kupereka lingaliro lamasinthidwe amoyo kapena mankhwala othandizira kutsitsa magawo omwe akuwoneka kuti akulamulidwa. Komabe, kwa anthu ena, milingo iyi itha kukhala yoyenera, monga:

Omwe amakhala ndi zaka zochepa
Anthu omwe akhala akudwala matenda ashuga omwe akhala ndi vuto lofika kumapeto
Omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia yoopsa kapena kulephera kuzindikira hypoglycemia

Kodi mulingo wowopsa wa A1C ndi uti?

Mlingo ukafika pa 9.0, chiopsezo cha impso ndi kuwonongeka kwa diso ndi matenda amitsempha kumakulira. Anthu ena omwe amapezeka kumene atha kukhala ndi magawo opitilira 9.0. Kusintha kwa moyo ndipo mwina mankhwala amatha kutsika msanga. Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kwanthawi yayitali, milingo ikukwera pamwamba pa 9.0 ikhoza kuwonetsa kufunikira kosintha njira yawo yothandizira.

Ma lab ena amayerekezera kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi (eAG), omwe amafanana ndi mita ya glucose yakunyumba kuwerenga (mg / dL), kulola odwala kumvetsetsa zotsatirazo bwino.

Chifukwa chiyani A1C yanga ili pamwamba?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, momwemonso kuchuluka kwa A1C. A1C yapamwamba ikuwonetsa kuti kuwongolera shuga wamagazi sikokwanira. Izi sizokha mwadzidzidzi, koma zimakupatsani mwayi wothandizira zaumoyo chithunzi cha momwe magazi amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kapena sanayendetsedwe, atero Dr. Williams.

Kuchepetsa matenda ashuga kapena kufunika kosintha mankhwala kumatha kuyambitsa A1C. Kusintha kwa zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, kapena kusintha kwa mankhwala kumatha kutsitsa A1C mwachangu. Chifukwa Type 2 matenda ashuga ndi matenda opita patsogolo, kusintha kwa chithandizo cha munthu kumatha kukhala gawo limodzi pochepetsa matenda ashuga. Kuchepetsa matenda a shuga sikutanthauza kuti wodwala akuchita zinazake zolakwika. Koma pali zifukwa zina zomwe milingo ingakhale yokwera.

Monga tanenera kale, zovuta zina zathanzi zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda a impso, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, matenda a chiwindi, asplenia, kutaya magazi, hypothyroidism, uremia, ndi sickle cell anemia. Zina zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa A1C ndikuphatikiza zaka zakubadwa, mimba, ndi matenda ashuga.

Kodi mungakhale ndi mkulu wa A1C osadwala matenda ashuga?

Malinga ndi m'modzi Kafukufuku wa 2009 , 3.8% ya anthu opanda mbiri ya matenda ashuga ali ndi gawo lokwera la A1C (opitilira 6.0). Gulu ili limakhala pachiwopsezo china cha matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda amtima. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti magulu otsatirawa atha kukhala ndi A1C yokwanira popanda kuzindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga:

Okalamba
Mwamuna
Osakhala achi Puerto Rico wakuda ndi waku America waku Mexico
Matenda oopsa
Kunenepa kwambiri
Mapuloteni apamwamba a C-othandizira

Zotsatira zapamwamba za A1C zitha kuwonetsa kuti pali vuto. Ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi anu, pamiyeso yanthawi zonse, kumatha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha matenda amtima, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe matenda a shuga, atero Dr. Bellatoni. Dokotala amatha kuwunikiranso zotsatira za mayeso ndikulankhula ndi odwala pazomwe zingaike pachiwopsezo ndikusintha kwa moyo wawo kuti atsegule shuga.

Momwe mungachepetse masitepe anu A1C

Ndikofunika kuti magazi anu a hemoglobin A1C akhale oyenera momwe angathere, akutero Dr. Bellatoni, Kuchepetsa hemoglobin yanu A1C kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chodwala matenda ashuga. Ngakhale simungathe kubweza A1C yanu pamayendedwe achilengedwe, kusintha kulikonse kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga.

Kutsata ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Tsatirani ndondomeko yanu yothandizira matenda ashuga : Mvetsetsani dongosolo lamankhwala musanachoke muofesi ya omwe amakupatsani chithandizo chamankhwala ndikukambirana zopinga (zamaganizidwe, zakuthupi, zachuma) zomwe zingakulepheretseni kutsatira pulogalamuyi. Pitani ku maulendo onse otsatira.
Nthawi zonse tengani mankhwala oyenera : Ngati wothandizira zaumoyo wakupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, amwe nawo pafupipafupi. Anthu ena amangomwa mankhwala pamene sakumva bwino, koma mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito pokhapokha atagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha.
Onetsetsani ndikutsata shuga wamagazi : Kuwunika shuga pafupipafupi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera matenda ashuga, malinga ndi CDC . Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kudziwitsa odwala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mita ndikuthandizira odwala kupeza yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo. Othandizira amathanso kuuza odwala kuti akafufuze kangati shuga wawo wamagazi komanso zomwe akufuna. Sungani zolemba za shuga lanu m'magazi kuti muyang'ane mitundu ndi zoyambitsa ma spikes a shuga m'magazi. Ngati muvala chowunika mosalekeza cha glucose, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwapeza. Kuphunzira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikwera kapena kutsika kungakuthandizeni kupanga mapulani oti musasunthike.

Zakudya zimasintha

Kuchepetsa thupi : Mwina simungafunike kutaya kulemera kwambiri momwe mukuganizira. A kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2019 adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 omwe adachepetsa thupi lawo ndi 10% mkati mwa zaka zisanu atawapeza adachiritsidwa ndi matendawa. Gwiritsani ntchito ndi wothandizira zaumoyo kuti mukhale ndi cholinga chochepetsa thupi. Gwirani ntchito ndi katswiri wazakudya kapena wazakudya kuti muthandize kupanga njira yabwino yodyera.
Konzani kugula ndi kugula zakudya : Kudya paliponse nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo zakudya zopanda thanzi. Tengani nthawi yokonzekera chakudya ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti mupange mndandanda wazogulitsa wathanzi.
Osadumpha chakudya cham'mawa : KU kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepalayi Kunenepa kwambiri anapeza kuti anthu omwe amadya chakudya cham'mawa chachikulu chokhala ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta amathandizira kuchepetsa A1C komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi magawo oyenera : Ganizirani kuti theka la mbale yanu ikhale masamba owuma, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi azakudya zomanga thupi, ndi gawo limodzi la magawo anayi a mbewu zonse. Magazi a shuga amatha kukulira ngati mutadya zoposa zomwe thupi lanu likufuna. Gwiritsani ntchito masikelo azakudya ndi kuyeza makapu ndi masipuni kuti muwonetsetse kuti magawo ndi oyenera.
Onetsetsani kudya kwa chakudya : Idyani ma carbs omwe ali ndi michere yambiri ndi michere, monga mbewu zonse, zipatso zonse ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi nyemba. Pewani ma carbs monga maswiti, mikate, mikate yoyera, mpunga, ndi pasitala.
Tsatirani nthawi yakudya: Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amawona kuti ndi bwino kudya nthawi yofanana tsiku lililonse. Mankhwala ena a shuga kapena insulini zimatha kuyambitsa shuga wamagazi kutsika kwambiri ngati mungadumphe chakudya, malinga ndi NIDDK . Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo ngati simukudziwa kuti nthawi yabwino ndi iti. Katswiri wazakudya, wazakudya, kapena wophunzitsa za matenda a shuga (CDE) atha kukuthandizani kupeza zakudya zoyenera.

Zosintha m'moyo

Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse : Maphunziro onse a aerobic ndi kukana amathandizira kuchepetsa kuwongolera kwa glycemic, malinga ndi a kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2016 . Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuwongolera magazi m'magazi, kumachepetsa ziwopsezo zamtima, kumathandizira kuti muchepetse thupi, komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga , Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumatha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga.
Pitirizani kuyenda : Kukhala wolimbikira kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizimva chidwi cha insulini, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ). Ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira, zochitika zamasiku onse zimawonedwanso kuti ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo kulima, kuyenda, kuvina, kutchetcha kapinga, kusambira, ngakhale kugwira ntchito zapakhomo.
Ganizirani zowonjezera: Pali kafukufuku wochepa ngati zowonjezera ndi zitsamba zingathandize kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Mwachitsanzo, a ndemanga yofalitsidwa mu 2013 adayesa aloe vera wa matenda a shuga mu makoswe ndipo adawona kuti atha kuthandizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, a kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2017 anapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amagwiritsira ntchito ufa wa fenugreek sakhala ndi mwayi wodziwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ndipo ngakhale umboniwo ukutsutsana, a kusanthula meta kochitidwa mu 2013 anapeza sinamoni wonyezimira amachepetsa kwambiri shuga. ADA siimalimbikitsa sinamoni kuti ichepetse shuga, ndipo sayenera kukhala mankhwala oyamba. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi othandizira azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala owonjezera.

Kusintha kwamaganizidwe

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zothanirana ndi nkhawa: KU kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2018 adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kulingalira kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kumapangitsa kutsika kwa ma A1C komanso kuwonjezeka kwathanzi komanso thanzi labwino.
Pewani mawu okana : Kukana kumatha kukhala m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi PALI . Pewani kunena (kapena kuganiza) zinthu monga, Kuluma kamodzi sikungapweteke, ndilibe nthawi yoti ndidye wathanzi lero, kapena matenda Anga ashuga siowopsa.
Lumikizanani ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga : Kumverera nokha kungapangitse kukhala kovuta kwambiri kutsatira dongosolo la chithandizo. Pezani gulu lothandizira mwa-munthu kapena yang'anani pa intaneti. Kulumikizana ndi anthu ena omwe ali mumkhalidwe wofananako kumatha kupereka chithandizo, chitsogozo, ndi kuyankha.