Mafunso 11 oletsa kulera-ayankhidwa
Zambiri ZamankhwalaAkazi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi pa zana azimayi aku America omwe amagonana ndi amuna anzawo akuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera, malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zatulutsidwa koyambirira kwa chaka Yale Mankhwala . Makamaka chifukwa ndizofala kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti athetse mphekesera, malingaliro olakwika, ndi nthano zakulera.
Akazi akasankha njira zolerera, malingaliro amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhudza lingaliro lawo. Ndipo ambiri aife tidamvapo zinthu zosayenera — monga zakulera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale wonenepa. Kapenanso, imawonjezera ziwopsezo za khansa ndipo imatha kukhudza kubereka pamzere. Anthu ena amatinso mahomoni amakupangitsa kukhala wamisala.
Ngati mukufufuza komwe mungayambire, ndikosavuta kugwera mu dzenje lakuda la Reddit pazomwe zimachitikira komanso nkhani zowopsa. Kenako, kuti muwerenge ndemanga zopitilira muyeso za njira yolerera yofananira pamaforamu ena. Kusankha pakati pazosankha zomwe zilipo-zomwe ndizoyenera moyo wanu komanso thanzi lanu siziyenera kukhala zovuta kuposa momwe ziliri kale.
Yakwana nthawi yoti mupeze zofunikira zenizeni pazabwino, zoyipa zake, zoopsa zake, komanso mphamvu yake yolera.
Mafunso wamba okhudza kulera
Pano, pezani mayankho pamafunso omwe amafunsidwa kwambiri zakulera, kotero kuti mutha kukhala ndi chidziwitso chomwe mungafune pokhudzana ndi njira zakulera-ndipo palibe mantha omwe mulibe.
1.Kodi kulera kwama mahomoni kumandipangitsa kunenepa?
Yankho lalifupi ndilo, akutiakuti Jen Kaiser, MD, pulofesa wothandizira zakulera ku University of Utah. M'maphunziro akulu amadziwe sitikuwona kuchuluka kwakulemera poyerekeza ndi zomwe mungapeze mwachilengedwe pakuchepetsa kagayidwe kake ndi ukalamba. Chifukwa chake, izi zikutanthauza kuti kwa azimayi ambiri, mapiritsi oletsa kubereka, mphete za kumaliseche ndi zigamba za khungu zolerera sizingakhudze kulemera. Tiyeni tibwereze: Kulera kwa mahomoni ndiko sizokayikitsa kukupangitsani kunenepa. Izi ndizolunjika pakamwa pa dokotala komanso imodzi mwamafukufuku (komanso osinthidwa) asayansi, lofalitsidwa mu National Center for Biotechnology Zambiri . Pafupifupi 5% ya odwala, pakhoza kukhala kusungidwa kwa madzimadzi panthawi yolera, yotchedwanso edema. Izi zitha kubweretsa kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kolemera.
2. Kodi ndingakhale ndi pakati tsiku limodzi pamwezi?
Ngati mumakhala ndi nthawi, thupi lanu limatulutsa dzira limodzi, tsiku limodzi mwezi uliwonse. Koma zenera lomwe ungatenge mimba ndilotalikirapo kuposa maola 24. Dzira limangopezeka kuti likhale ndi umuna kwa pafupifupi maola 12 mpaka 24 kutulutsa dzira, malinga ndi Mgwirizano wa Amayi Achimereka . Koma, umuna ukhoza kukhala mthupi kwa masiku 3-5 mutagonana. Onjezerani kuti tsiku lomwe dzira lidzapezeke, zenera lanu lachonde kwambiri limakwera mpaka masiku pafupifupi 5-7. Mwanjira ina, mutha kutenga pakati pafupifupi sabata.
Zozungulira Zachilengedwe ndi pulogalamu yovomerezeka ndi FDA yomwe imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutsatira mayendedwe awo ovulation. Ndi njira yopanda mahomoni kuti mumvetsetse bwino nthawi yomwe mungathe-ndipo mwina sangakhale ndi pakati mwezi wonse. Pulogalamuyi imauza ogwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse ngati ndi tsiku lobiriwira, kapena tsiku lofiira la mweziwo. Masiku ofiira, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutenga pakati ndipo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kapena kupewa kugonana kuti ateteze mimba yosakonzekera. Ndi 98% yothandiza ngati njira yolerera yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, ndipo 93% imagwira ntchito moyenera.
3. Kodi ndingagone popanda kondomu tsiku lomwe ndiyambe kulera?
Osati ngati mukufuna chitsimikizo choti musatenge mimba. Zitha kutenga sabata kuti njira yanu yatsopano yolerera ikhale yothandiza kwambiri - kutengera mtundu wamtundu wamankhwala womwe mungasankhe (mapiritsi, IUD, implant, kapena Depo-provera shot) ndi komwe muli pakadali pano. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu masiku asanu ndi awiri mutayamba mapiritsi, kapena kuyika, IUD, kapena kuwombera-ndiye kuti mudzakhala bwino.
Mkuwa IUD ndichinthu chapadera. Zimakhala zothandiza nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi Kukhala Parenthood . Ndipo kumbukirani, makondomu okha ndi omwe amateteza ku matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana.
4. Kodi ma IUD amkuwa amachulukitsa nthawi yanu?
Paragard , IUD yokhayo yamkuwa yovomerezedwa ndi FDA ndipo imapezeka ku US, ili ndi maubwino ochepa omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda: Ndiosagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, imatha mpaka zaka 10, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamayamwitsa, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi njira zolerera ngati zaikidwa mkati mwa masiku asanu mutagonana mosadziteteza. Koma malinga ndi Chipatala cha Mayo , zoyipa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi Paragard zimaphatikizapo kutuluka magazi pakati pa kusamba, kukokana, kupweteka kwambiri msambo, komanso kutuluka magazi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, mkuwa IUD mwina sangakhale woyenera kwambiri kwa azimayi ena.
5. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoletsa mahomoni kungayambitse kusabereka?
Mwinanso mudamvapo kuti zaka zakumwa mapiritsi, kukhazikika, kapena IUD ya nthawi yayitali zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutenga mimba mukakonzeka-koma ndi nthano chabe. Njirazi za kulera zimangolepheretsa chonde pamene zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Palibe njira zakulera zomwe zimachepetsa kuthekera kwanu kutenga pakati mukasiya, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji, atero Dr. Kaiser. Kutha kwanu kutenga pakati kumabwereranso ku zonse zomwe zinali zisanachitike. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mutakhala ndi mwayi wambiri woyembekezera, mudzatero. Mukadakhala ndi mwayi wochepa, umangobwerera kukhala mwayi wochepa. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukwanitsa kutenga pakati ndi msinkhu. Ngati muyesera kutenga pakati pa 40, izi zikhala zovuta kuposa momwe muli ndi zaka 26.
6. Kodi ndiyenera kupita kusambo mwezi uliwonse - ngakhale ndili pa njira zakulera?
Pulogalamu ya Mirena ndipo Skyla Ma IUD amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe muli nayo, kapena kuwaimitsa palimodzi. Kuyika, mapiritsi (akagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira inayake), ndikuwombera kumatha kukulepheretsani kukhala ndi nthawi. Ndipo zowona zake ndizakuti, zili bwino komanso zotetezeka kusakhala ndi nthawi chifukwa cha njira zanu zakulera.
Thupi lanu limangofunika kusamba mukakhala ndi mwayi woyembekezera, malinga ndi Kukhala Parenthood . Njira yolera yoteteza mahomoni imalepheretsa kutulutsa mazira ndipo imalepheretsa kuti chiberekero chikwere. Kutaya magazi komwe mumakumana nako pakati pa mapaketi a mapiritsi kapena Zowonongeka Kutaya magazi, kuyankha kusiyana kwa mahomoni, osati zomwe thupi lanu limafuna.
7. Kodi ndingataye IUD yanga?
Mutha-IUD imatha kugwa (izi zimatchedwa kuthamangitsidwa), kapena kusamukira kumalo osakhala ake (awa amatchedwa perforation). Izi ndizoopsa ziwiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamasankha mkuwa kapena mahomoni a IUD, monga Mirena kapena Kyleena monga njira yanu yolerera, malinga ndi Chigawo Chachikulu cha Akazi a Akazi ku Colorado .
Kuthamangitsidwa kumatha kuchitika mwachilengedwe, koma sizachilendo. Zimapezeka pafupifupi 3% yama IUD. Kuwonongeka, pamene IUD yanu imalowerera mkati kapena kudzera mu minofu ya chiberekero, ndiye vuto losowa kwambiri, lomwe limangopezeka kamodzi kapena kawiri pazowonjezera 1,000 za IUD. Komanso ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Pakhala zochitika zochepa pomwe IUD idasamukira kumadera am'mimba, m'mimba, m'mimba ndi chikhodzodzo. Ngati IUD imayenda kunja kwa chiberekero, IUD iyenera kuchotsedwa opaleshoni.
8. Kodi ndiyenera kumwa mapiritsi anga oletsa kubereka ku chimodzimodzi nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse?
Inde muyenera. Ngakhale kufunikira kwake ndikotengera mtundu wa mapiritsi omwe mukumwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapiritsi oletsa kulera — mapiritsi ophatikizana akumwa pamodzi (COC) ndi mapiritsi aang'ono, kapena mapiritsi a progestin-only (POP). COC imaletsa kutulutsa mazira, chifukwa chake pali malo ambiri olakwitsa.
Komabe, 40% azimayi amaphulika akamamwa piritsi laling'ono, malinga ndi American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Zosakaniza za mapiritsi a mini zimangowonjezera ntchofu ya chiberekero ndi chiberekero cha chiberekero kwa maola 24 nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, ndizofunikira (komanso kuzindikira nthawi) kukhala ndi mlingo wina mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo.
Njira ziwirizi zimafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndibwino kukhala ndandanda kuti mupewe kuphonya kapena kuyiwala mlingo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Zofunikanso? Fufuzani ndi wolemba wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti muwone momwe kulera kwanu kungakhudzire mankhwala anu ena. Mankhwala ena, monga maantibayotiki ena kapena mankhwala oletsa kulanda, ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwakukonda kuyamwa kwa njira zakumwa zakumwa. Ndipo mankhwala ena a anticoagulant amakhala ndi kulumikizana kowopsa ndi njira yolerera yama mahomoni.
9. Kodi pali njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yolerera?
Ayi. Njira yolerera yabwino kwambiri ndiyo mtundu womwe umagwira ntchito kwa inu, a Dr. Kaiser akutero. Palibe mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri kapena wopambana kwa aliyense pankhani yoletsa kubereka. Mzimayi aliyense ayenera kusankha zomwe zimamuyendera bwino, moyo wake, komanso thupi lake. Kukhala pansi ndikucheza ndi akatswiri azachipatala azimayi, OB / gynecologist, kapena dokotala wanu woyambira akhoza kukuthandizani kuti muchepetse zosankha zanu.
10. Kodi mapiritsi angayambitse khansa?
Ichi ndi nthano-yonga. Pakadali pano, ofufuza apeza kuti chifukwa njira zakulera zam'kamwa zimakhala ndimtundu wa mahomoni achikazi a estrogen ndi progesterone, kusintha kwama mahomoni kumatha kuyambitsa khansa ya m'mawere, komanso kumatha kuteteza ku khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiberekero. Kafukufuku wambiri awonetsa kuti njira zakulera zikuwonetsedwa kuti zimachepetsa mwayi wa khansa ya m'mimba ndi yamchiberekero, a Dr. Kaiser akufotokoza.
Koma pali chiwopsezo pang'ono pokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mawere, akupitiliza kunena. Gulu lowerengera ku Denmark lidachita kafukufuku wamagulu azimayi masauzande ambiri ndikupeza kuti njira zakulera zitha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri koma chowonjezeka chomwe sichinachitike ndi kafukufuku wina aliyense wamkulu wamadziwe m'munda mwathu. Ndimauza odwala anga kuti ndichinthu choti azikumbukira, koma monga akatswiri azachipatala, sitimayikanso zolemetsa pano.
11. Kodi njira yoletsa mahomoni imakhudza momwe ndimamvera?
Mwina, koma ndizoyeserera, ndipo sayansi ndiyotsutsana. Kafukufuku wopitilira azimayi aku Danish opitilila miliyoni azaka zopitilira 14 - pogwiritsa ntchito zodalirika komanso zothandiza monga ma diagnostics and medical records - zikusonyeza kuti pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kukhumudwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zonse mitundu yolera yakuthupi. Koma si nkhani yonse.
Sitikuwona kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa kulera ndi kusinthasintha kwamasewera kumachitika m'maphunziro akulu kwambiri, koma ngati wodwala ali ndi nkhawa zakusintha kwakusintha kapena zomwe zimakhudza thanzi lawo lam'mutu, pali zosankha zomwe zimakhala ndi mahomoni ochepa kapena opanda. Sizachilendo, koma ndawonapo odwala omwe akumana ndi zovuta ndi zotulukapo zakulera kwawo ndi kukhumudwa kwawo. Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi kusintha kwamalingaliro, ndikulimbikitsa odwala kuti azigwirizana ndi dokotala wawo woyamba kapena akatswiri azachipatala kuti apeze yankho losakhala mahomoni.
Ngati muli ndi mbiri yakukhumudwa, kapena if njira zakulera m'thupi sizabwino kwa inu, pali zina zambiri zomwe mungachite-kuyambira pa IUD yamkuwa mpaka pulogalamu ya Natural Cycles - zomwe zingakuthandizeni kubwezeretsanso zosankha zanu zoberekera m'manja mwanu.
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