Matenda a Khutu mwa ana

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Kutsokomola kosatha ndi kuyetsemula, mphuno yothamanga, ndi zotupa zosadziwika bwino-ana amaoneka ngati maginito a majeremusi. Mu chitsogozo cha kholo lathu ku matenda aubwana, timakambirana za zidziwitso ndi chithandizo cha zinthu zomwe zimafala kwambiri. Werengani nkhani zonse apa.

Kodi matenda amkhutu ndi chiyani? | Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala | Mankhwala | Zovuta | Matenda am'makutu obwerezabwereza | Kupewa

Ndi kununkhira kochepa komwe kumanditengera kubwerera ndili mwana mwachangu kuposa mankhwala a nthochi. Monga mwana yemwe amadwala matenda amkhutu pafupipafupi, ndidadziwana bwino ndi madzi achikasu owalawo omwe amakoma ngati maswiti, koma analidi maantibayotiki. Zomwe ndakhala nazo nthawi zambiri kuti ndisungunuke ndikumva fungo m'masiku anga ngati mphunzitsi wosamalira ana, ndipo tsopano kholo, zimapangitsa chinthu chimodzi kumveka: Matenda akumakutu ndi ubwana zimayandikira.

Kodi matenda amkhutu ndi chiyani?

Matenda apakatikati (acute otitis media, kapena AOM) ndikutupa kwa khutu lapakati. Zimachitika pamene madzimadzi amamera kumbuyo kwa khutu ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya. Matenda am'mutu mwa ana ndiofala kwambiri, ndi 5 mwa ana asanu ndi mmodzi akukumana ndi mmodzi osakwanitsa zaka zitatu, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi 12.

Ngakhale matenda am'makutu ndimatenda apakatikati, amayamba ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana chifukwa cha mavairasi, kuphatikiza ma virus a fuluwenza. Mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi apamphuno ndi pakhosi amasunthira pakati pakhutu ndikufika m'makutu (tympanic nembanemba), kuchititsa kutulutsa kwazinthu, kutupa, ndi kupweteka.

Ana ena amakonda kudwala khutu kuposa ena. Ana ochepera zaka 6, omwe amapita kumalo osamalira ana masana, omwe amakhala ndi utsi wa ndudu, omwe ali ndi matenda ena monga mphumu, khutu kapena nkhope, omwe amakhala m'malo odetsedwa, kapena omwe amamwa botolo atagona ali pamwambamwamba chiopsezo chotenga matenda m'makutu. Komanso, kusowa kwa kuyamwitsa kapena katemera wa pneumococcal ndi fuluwenza kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khutu. Matenda akumakutu amathanso kuyenda m'mabanja.

Zizindikiro za matenda am'makutu mwa ana

Pakakhala timadzi tambiri pakati pakhutu popanda matenda, vutoli limatchedwa otitis media ndi effusion. Izi sizimayambitsa kutentha thupi, mafinya, kapena ngalande, komabe zimatha kupweteketsa mtima kukakamizidwa kapena mavuto ena.

Pakakhala madzi pakatikati, khutu silinganjenjemera kotero kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe mungaone ndikumva kodzaza pakati khutu ndikuchepa kwakumva kwanu, akutero Leann Poston, MD, wachipatala omwe akuthandizira Ikon Health.

Kukonzekera kwamadzimadzi kumeneku kumatha kukhala koopsa kwambiri. Nthawi iliyonse madzimadzi atakhala chete, monga dziwe, mabakiteriya ndi ma virus amatha kuyamba kuchuluka ndikuwonetsa matenda, atero Dr. Poston.

Ana amawu amatha kuuza makolo awo za kumva kupweteka kwa khutu-koma chifukwa matenda am'makutu amayamba ana asanakwanitse kufotokoza bwino, ndikofunikira kuti makolo ayang'ane zizindikiro zina zodwala khutu. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Kukoka / kukoka m'makutu
• Fever, makamaka makanda ndi ana aang'ono
• Kuvuta kugona
• Kukangana / kukwiya / kulira
• Kuvuta kumva / kusayankha pakumveka chete
• Kutulutsa kwamadzi khutu
• Kusakhazikika / mavuto moyenera

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ndi mwana wanga kwa dokotala kukadwala khutu?

Matenda akumakutu sikuti nthawi zonse amafunikira kukacheza ndi dokotala, koma ndibwino kuti muwone wothandizira zaumoyo ngati akumva kukayika kwamakutu-ngakhale atangotsimikizira kuti zizindikirazo zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda am'makutu osati china. Mano, matenda a sinus, kumanga khutu la khutu, kapena matani omwe ali ndi kachilombo angayambitsenso kupweteka kwa khutu komwe sikunachitike chifukwa cha matenda, atero Dr. Poston.

Ulendo wopita kuchipatala (nthawi zambiri dokotala wamabanja, ana, kapena namwino) ndikofunikira ngati pali:

• Kutentha kwa madigiri 102.2 Fahrenheit kapena kupitilira apo kwa ana opitilira miyezi 6
• Fever 100.4 madigiri Fahrenheit kapena kupitilira apo mwa ana ochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
• Kutuluka, mafinya, kapena madzi kuchokera khutu
• Kutaya kwakumva
• Mutu, khosi lolimba, kapena pakhosi
• Chizindikiro china chilichonse chokhudza kapena chovuta

Muyeneranso kukonzekera nthawi yokumana ngati matendawa atenga masiku awiri kapena atatu, kukulirakulira, kapena kupweteka kosalamulirika ndi mankhwala owonjezera.

Mukamacheza, wothandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu nthawi zambiri amayesa thupi kuti aone ngati ali ndi matenda. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito otoscope, yomwe ndi galasi lokulitsira pa chubu chokhala ndi nyali, kuti ayang'ane kudzera mu ngalande ya khutu mpaka eardrum, atero Dr. Poston. Ngati ili ndi kachilombo idzawoneka kofiira komanso kotupa ndipo nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona madzi achikasu kumbuyo kwake. Kupanikizika kukakula kwambiri kumatha kutulutsa dzenje m'makutu. Izi zimachepetsa kupsinjika ndi kupweteka komanso madzi amadzimadzi omwe amatuluka m'makutu.

Chithandizo cha matenda amkhutu mwa ana

Maantibayotiki amaperekedwa ngati madzimadzi amawoneka kuseli kwa khutu, matenda am'mutu amakhala opweteka, kapena mwana ali ndi malungo komanso kupweteka kwa khutu, atero Dr. Poston. Chisankho choyamba cha maantibayotiki ndi kawirikawiri Amoxicillin Pokhapokha mutakhala kuti simukugwirizana ndi zina, mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito Amoxicillin, muli ndi matenda am'makutu obwereza omwe sagwirizana ndi mankhwala a Amoxicillin, kapena muli ndi matenda amaso ndimatenda am'makutu. Mlingo wa Amoxicillin umachokera kulemera.

Maantibayotiki ndi sikofunikira nthawi zonse . Maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana omwe amatenga matenda am'makutu mobwerezabwereza; Komabe, si ana onse omwe amafunikira kulandira mankhwala opha tizilombo, atero a Soma Mandal, MD, omwe ndi ovomerezeka pa board ku Summit Gulu Lachipatala . Matenda ambiri amkhutu amatha kuzimitsa paokha komanso amachepetsa ululu monga acetaminophen angatengedwe kuti athetse ululu. Maantibayotiki satenga nawo mbali pochiza matenda am'makutu am'magazi, ndipo amatha kulumikizidwa ndi zotsatirapo zake komanso kutha kwa maantibayotiki. Maantibayotiki ena oyambilira amaphatikiza alireza , cofuchiwo , alireza , kapena alireza .

Pafupifupi 80% ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana m'makutu amachira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki. Ngati mwanayo sakumva kuwawa kwambiri, kapena akuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana, wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala atha kunena kuti kudikirira mwachidwi-kuyang'anitsitsa makutu a mwana nthawi ndi nthawi kuti awonetsetse kuti madzimadzi akungodziyimira okha. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchedwetsa kulandira mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, komanso kudikirira mwachidwi, sikuwonjezera mwayi woti mwana akhale ndi mavuto akulu. Ngati kachilomboka kali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, maantibayotiki sangachiritse matendawa.

American Academy of Pediatrics akulangiza, Chisankho chosapereka chithandizo choyambirira cha maantibayotiki ndikuwonetsetsa chikuyenera kukhala lingaliro limodzi la wodwala komanso makolo. Zikatero, njira yotsatira mosamalitsa komanso njira zoyambira maantibayotiki ziyenera kuchitika ngati zizindikiro zikukulirakulira kapena palibe kusintha kumaoneka m'maola 48 mpaka 72.

ZOKHUDZA: Mankhwala opatsirana m'makutu ndi chithandizo

Kuwongolera zizindikilo ndichosankha podikirira kuti matenda am'makutu adziwone okha. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala a ululu ndi malungo monga ibuprofen ( Zoipa , Motrin ) kapena Tylenol (kwa ana ochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, gwiritsani ntchito Tylenol yekha - musamupatse mwana Aspirin)
• Makutu akumva khutu - werengani chizindikirocho ndipo onetsetsani kuti mulibe zosakaniza anachenjezedwa ndi a FDA kwa ana, ndipo funsani wothandizira zaumoyo musanagwiritse ntchito madontho a khutu. Malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito madontho akumakutu, onani izi phunziro kuchokera ku The American Academy of Pediatrics.
• Pumulani
• Kutsekemera ndi madzi ndi madzi ena

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi njira yabwino yothetsera ululu kapena yochepetsa malungo kwa ana ndi iti?

Chenjezo:

• NTHAWI ZONSE funsani wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala musanapatse mwana chifuwa cha m'makalata, kuzizira, kapena mankhwala opatsa mphamvu. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto mwa ana.
• MUSAYE kuyika chilichonse mkati mwa ngalande ya khutu la mwana (pambali pamadontho ngati akuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala wa mwana) Izi zimaphatikizapo swabs thonje, mipira ya thonje, kapena zinthu zina zilizonse, kapena zakumwa pokhapokha atalangizidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo.
• NTHAWI zonse mumamaliza mankhwala onse, ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala — ngakhale atakhala kuti mwana akumva bwino.

Ana amayamba kumva bwino pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena atatu, koma madzimadzi khutu amatha milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi.

Matenda akumakutu ali osati opatsirana . Ana atha kubwerera ku sukulu kapena kusamalira ana malungo atatha ndipo amamva bwino kuti atero, ngakhale atakhala ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Komabe, matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matenda am'makutu ndi opatsirana, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda am'makutu zimasamalidwanso musanalole mwanayo pafupi ndi ana ena.

Kodi zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chamatenda amkhutu ndi ziti?

Matenda ambiri am'mutu amachira popanda vuto, koma pali zovuta zina zomwe zimatha kuchitika.

• Kutaya kwakumva chifukwa chakumwa kwakanthawi khutu, komwe kumatha kukhudza kulankhula ndi chilankhulo mwa ana aang'ono
• Eardrum yotumphuka , yomwe imamasula kupanikizika koma imatha kuchira ndi minofu yofiira. Kuphulika kangapo kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ndi ma vibration a nembanemba.
• Mastoiditis matendawa akamafalikira m'maselo amlengalenga m'mafupa a mastoid kumbuyo khutu. Izi zingafune ngalande yopangira opaleshoni.

Ngati zizindikiro za mwanayo sizikuchoka pasanathe masiku awiri kapena atatu, kapena popanda chithandizo, onani wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngati kutsatira kukukulimbikitsani, onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira zomwe mwasankhazo.

Kodi matenda opatsirana mobwerezabwereza m'makutu amathandizidwa bwanji?

Matenda obwera chifukwa chamakutu amayamba chifukwa chamadzimadzi osalekeza kumbuyo kwa eardrum omwe amatenga kachilomboka, atero Dr. Poston. Ana aang'ono amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a khutu chifukwa ma tubes awo a Eustachian (mapaipi amadzimadzi m'makutu) onse ndi osakanikirana komanso ochepa.

Maantibayotiki samachotsa madzimadzi kuseri kwa eardrum, koma amathetsa mabakiteriya ambiri. Ana omwe amatenga matenda opitilira khutu opitilira atatu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kapena matenda anayi amkhutu m'miyezi 12, amatha kukhala ndi timachubu m'makutu mwawo. Timachubu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaphatikizidwamo timalowetsedwa mu eardrum, nthawi zambiri timakhala pansi pa dzanzi, ndipo timathandiza kukhetsa madzimadzi kuseri kwa eardrum. Amafuna kuyesedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziwonera okha patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi inayi. Ngati mankhwala ena sakhala opindulitsa, wothandizira zaumoyo kapena khutu, mphuno, ndi mmero pakhosi anganene kuti achotse ma adenoids a mwana kuti athetse kufalikira kwa matenda m'machubu a Eustachian.

ZOKHUDZA: Mankhwala osambira makutu ndi mankhwala

Momwe mungapewere matenda amkhutu mwa ana

Ngakhale matenda am'makutu sangathe kupewedwa kwathunthu, pali njira zina zochepetsera zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana nawo:

• Sungani utsi wa ndudu kutali ndi ana, makamaka makanda. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ana omwe amakhala utsi wa fodya amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana m'makutu.
• Sungani katemera wa ana nthawi zonse, makamaka katemera wa pneumococcal and fuluwenza (chimfine).
• Gwiritsani ntchito ukhondo wosamba m'manja kwa aliyense, kuphatikizapo ana.
• Osamenyera botolo kapena kulola makanda kapena ana ang'ono kugona (kapena kugona) ndi botolo.
• Sungani ana kutali ndi anthu omwe akudwala.
• Kuyamwitsa mkaka wokha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo pitirizani kuyamwa mpaka mwana atakwanitsa miyezi 12.