Kodi magazi anu amatanthauza chiyani paumoyo wanu?

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Ngati zonse zomwe mukudziwa za magazi anu ndikuti ndi ofiira, muli ndi zina zomwe mungachite.

Magazi amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pali maselo ofiira ndi oyera, omwe amanyamula mpweya ndikuthandizira kulimbana ndi matenda, motsatana. Pali ma platelet, omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana. Ndipo kuli plasma, yomwe imapatsa thupi zinthu monga michere ndi mahomoni. Madzi a m'magazi anu ali ndi ma antibodies, omwe ndi omwe chitetezo chanu chamthupi chimagwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi adani akunja monga majeremusi ndi mabakiteriya.

Mwazi wanu ulinso ndi ma antigen. Awa ndi mapuloteni ndi mamolekyu ena omwe amapezeka kunja kwa maselo ofiira amwazi; amadziwika kuti muli ndi magazi amtundu wanji. Magazi amagawidwanso ndi rhesus factor (aka, Rh factor). Ngati magazi anu ali ndi kachilombo ka Rh D — kofala kwambiri ndiponso kofunika kwambiri pa zifukwa za Rh — muli ndi magazi abwino. Ngati magazi anu alibe, muli ndi mtundu wamagazi woyipa.

Kuika magazi m'magulu molingana ndi mtundu ndikofunikira pazinthu monga kuthiridwa magazi, zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa magazi omwe atayika kudzera muopaleshoni, ngozi, ndi matenda otuluka magazi. Kusakaniza mtundu umodzi wa mwazi wosagwirizana ndi wina — chifukwa cha zinthu monga ma antigen ndi Rh factor - kumatha kupha.

Magazi athanzi ndiofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi. Kuyambira pakulemba mpaka kuthira magazi, Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa zamagazi anu komanso thanzi lanu.

Kodi pali mitundu ingati yamagazi?

Anthu ambiri ali ndi mtundu umodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu yamagazi. Apanso, mitundu yamagazi imachokera ku ma antigen (kapena kusowa kwa iwo) omwe amapezeka m'maselo anu amwazi komanso ngati magazi anu ali ndi Rh D. Magazi amayimiridwa molingana ndi dongosolo la gulu la magazi la ABO. Ngati magazi anu ali ndi ma antigen, muli ndi mtundu wamagazi A. Ngati muli ndi ma antigen a B, muli ndi mtundu wamagazi B. Anthu ena ali ndi ma antigen onse A ndi B, kuwapatsa magazi a AB. Ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wamagazi wa O alibe ma antigen A kapena B.

Iliyonse yamitundu imeneyi imaphwanyidwa kutengera mtundu wawo wa Rh. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena ali ndi magazi abwino pomwe ena ali ndi A negative. Anthu ochepa kwambiri ali ndi zomwe zimatchedwa Rh null magazi (amatchedwanso magazi agolide), kutanthauza kuti ilibe zinthu za Rh konse. Izi ndizosowa kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika mwa anthu ochepa padziko lonse lapansi.

Mtundu wamagazi ndiwofala kwambiri kapena wosowa chotani nanga umasiyana pamitundu, fuko, komanso gawo ladziko lapansi lomwe mumakhalamo. Malinga ndi bukuli Magulu Amwazi ndi Ma antigen Ofiira Ofiira , mtundu wamagazi B umapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu ku Asia pomwe magazi amtundu wa A amapezeka ku Central ndi Eastern Europe. Ku U.S. ndi Western Europe, O positive ndiye mtundu wofala wamagazi, monga kukhala ndi Rh factor. AB zoipa ndizosowa kwambiri. Nanga bwanji mitundu yonse yamagazi? Pulogalamu ya Malo Opangira Magazi a Stanford imapereka ziwerengerozi.

Mtundu wamagazi	Peresenti ya anthu aku America omwe ali ndi mtundu wamagazi
O +	37.4%
A +	35.7%
B +	8.5%
KAPENA-	6.6%
KU-	6.3%
AB +	3.4%
B-	1.5%
KUCHOKERA-	0.6%

Mtundu wamagazi anga ndi uti?

Magazi anu anatengera kwa makolo anu-ndipo simungasinthe momwe mungasinthire mtundu wamaso anu.

Kholo lirilonse limapereka chimodzi mwa ziŵiri zawo A, B, kapena O alleles (mpangidwe wa jini) ku mtundu wamagazi wa khanda. O allele amawerengedwa kuti ndi osasintha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizowonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake ngati mayi yemwe ali ndi ma OLE alleles ali ndi mwana wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi ma BB alleles, mwanayo adzakhala ndi mtundu wa B wamagazi.

Kodi mwana angakhale ndi mtundu wamagazi wosiyana ndi makolo ake? Ndizotheka, akuti Deva Sharma , MD, MS, hematologist-oncologist ku Vanderbilt University Medical Center ku Nashville, Tenn Mwachitsanzo, mayi wa AO adzakhala ndi mtundu wamagazi A, ndipo bambo wa BO adzakhala ndi mtundu wamagazi B. Komabe, pali mwayi 25% atha kukhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi mtundu wamagazi O (wokhala ndi cholowa cha ma OO alleles), ndipo mwayi wa 25% atha kukhala ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi mtundu wamagazi a AB (wokhala ndi cholowa cha A chomwe chimachokera kwa mayi ndi B chimachokera kwa bambo ).

Ndi zina ziti zomwe zingachitike? Emory University Sukulu ya Zamankhwala phatikizani tchati ichi:

Ma alleles a kholo # 1	Ma alleles a makolo # 2	Mtundu wamagazi Amwana
AA kapena AO (Mtundu A)	AA kapena AO (Mtundu A)	Lembani A kapena O
AA kapena AO (Mtundu A)	BB kapena BO (Mtundu B)	Lembani A, B, AB, kapena O
AA kapena AO (Mtundu A)	AB (Mtundu AB)	Lembani A, B, kapena AB
AA kapena AO (Mtundu A)	INDE (Lembani O)	Lembani A kapena O
BB kapena BO (Mtundu B)	BB kapena BO (Mtundu B)	Lembani B kapena O
BB kapena BO (Mtundu B)	AB (Mtundu AB)	Mtundu B, A kapena AB
BB kapena BO (Mtundu B)	INDE (Lembani O)	Lembani B kapena O
AB (Mtundu AB)	AB (Mtundu AB)	Lembani A, B, kapena AB
AB (Mtundu AB)	INDE (Lembani O)	Lembani A kapena B
INDE (Lembani O)	INDE (Lembani O)	Lembani O

Rh factor yanu imalandiridwanso, ndipo monga mtundu wamagazi anu, mumalandira cholowa chimodzi mwazigawo ziwiri za Rh kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse. Kotero mwana amene amalandira kachilombo ka Rh kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse adzakhala Rh positive, ndipo amene amalandira kachilombo koyipa kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse adzakhala Rh negative. Ngati muli ndi Rh imodzi yolondola komanso yolakwika imodzi (kukupangitsani Rh kukhala ndi chiyembekezo, monga momwe Rh ilili bwino sizingakhale zazikulu), mutha kupititsa imodzi kwa mwana wanu. Kaya mwana wanu adzakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ayi adzadalira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kholo linalo.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji mtundu wamagazi anga?

Pali njira zitatu zomwe mungadziwire mtundu wamagazi anu.

1. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kuyitanitsa mayeso amtundu wamagazi.
2. Mutha kupereka magazi. Kuyesedwa kwa typing kudzachitika ndipo zotsatira zake zidzatumizidwa kwa inu.
3. Mutha kugula mayeso olembera magazi kunyumba. Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kumenyedwa chala chanu ndikuyika dontho lamagazi pamakadi omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amayang'ana ma antigen ndi Rh factor. Kenako mufananitsa zomwe mumawona pa khadi ndi chitsogozo chomwe chaperekedwa. Mayeso ena atha kuphatikizira sampuli.

Mayesowa siopusa, komabe. Pali zochitika zina zomwe timapeza zosagwirizana pakulemba magazi, atero Dr. Sharma. Izi zitha kuchitika kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi khansa yamagazi, mwachitsanzo, kapena mwa munthu amene wathandizidwa magazi posachedwa kapena kupatsidwa ma cell.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti yamagazi yomwe imagwirizana pakuika magazi?

Ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati zosagwirizana, kudziwa mtundu wamagazi anu sikofunikira kwenikweni. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, anthu ambiri amakhala moyo wawo wonse osadziwa mtundu wamagazi awo ndipo sizimawapweteketsa, akutero Jerry E. Squires , MD, Ph.D., pulofesa ku Medical University ya South Carolina ku Charleston. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa palibe chipatala chomwe chiziika wodwala magazi asanayambe kuyesa kuti adziwe mtundu wamagazi a wodwalayo. Ndipo, ayi, chipatala sichingatenge mawu a wodwala pamtundu wamagazi awo. Ndikudziwa kuti ndili pagulu la magazi A, koma ngati ndikufuna magazi, ayesedwa kaye koyamba kuti atsimikizire mtundu wanga ndikuti magulu amwazi ofiira ofiira amasankhidwa kuti ndimuike magazi.

Kuthiridwa magazi ndi mtundu wamagazi wosagwirizana ndi anu kumatha kukhala koopsa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma antibodies m'magazi akunja amatha kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti chiukire, ndikupangitsa mavuto. Ndi mitundu iti yamagazi yomwe imagwirizana ndipo ndi iti yomwe siili? Malinga ndi Malo Omwe Amakumbukira Magazi , kuphatikiza mosakanikirana ndi monga:

Mtundu wamagazi	Mutha kupereka magazi ku	Angalandire magazi kuchokera
A +	A +, AB +	A +, A-, O +, O-
KU-	A-, A +, AB-, AB +	KWA-
B +	B +, AB +	B +, B-, O +, O-
B-	B-, B +, AB-, AB +	B-, O-
AB +	AB +	AB +, AB-, A +, A-, B +, B-, O +, O-
KUCHOKERA-	AB-, AB +	AB-, A-, B-, O-
O +	O +, A +, B +, AB +	O +, O-
KAPENA-	O-, O +, A +, A-, B +, B-, AB +, AB-	KAPENA-

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mwadzidzidzi mulibe nthawi yoyesa mtundu wamagazi? Mudzalandira O- magazi. Popanda ma antigen kapena Rh D factor, O- magazi amagwirizana ndi mitundu ina yonse yamagazi. Pachifukwachi, anthu omwe ali ndi magazi a O- magazi amatchedwa opereka chilengedwe chonse.

Malinga ndi American Red Cross , pamasekondi awiri aliwonse munthu mdziko muno amafunika kuthiridwa magazi. Izi zimapangitsa zopereka zamagazi chovuta kwambiri. Ngati muli athanzi, chonde perekani magazi, Dr. Squires amalimbikitsa. Palibe choloweza mmalo mwazi, ndipo ngati anthu sapereka ndalama titha. Izi sizingatanthauze kuchitidwa maopaleshoni, osayikidwa, komanso osapatsidwa chithandizo pamavuto.

Kodi mtundu wamagazi anga ukunena chiyani za thanzi langa?

Kodi mtundu wamagazi anu ungakupangitseni kukhala ndi matenda enaake? Ngakhale akatswiri ena amati mtundu uliwonse wamagazi womwe ungachitike paumoyo ndiwosafunika kwenikweni, ena amati pali kulumikizana kovomerezeka.

Ma antigen a ABO omwe amapanga magazi athu samangowonekera pamwamba pamaselo ofiira, komanso amapezekanso m'matumba ena amunthu, atero Dr. Sharma. Izi zimapereka maziko amtundu wamagazi a ABO kukhala ndi tanthauzo lachipatala pazotsatira zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo kunja kwa magazi.

Kodi zina mwazotsatira zaumoyo zingakhale chiyani? Malinga ndi Mankhwala Aku Northwestern , kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa O magazi ali ndi chiopsezo chotsika kwambiri cha matenda amtima pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi B ndi AB ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi A ndi AB magazi ali ndi ziwerengero zapamwamba kwambiri za khansa ya m'mimba.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa A. atha kukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuposa ena kuyang'anira nkhawa chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa mahomoni opsinjika kwambiri a cortisol.

Koma zikafika pamtundu wamagazi ndi MATENDA A COVID-19 odwala-matendawa pakadali pano - pali nkhani yabwino. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa kuchokera ku Harvard Medical School ofufuza omwe adasindikizidwa munyuzipepalayo Zolengeza za Hematology , Mtundu wamagazi sumakhudza momwe wodwalayo angakhalire ndi coronavirus (ngakhale atanena kale kuti mwina).

WERENGANI ZOTSATIRA: Momwe mungapangire-komanso chifukwa chake muyenera kupereka magazi panthawi ya mliriwu