Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa pazopereka magazi

Ubwino

Tsiku lililonse, odwala ku United States amafunikira pafupifupi mayunitsi 36,000 a maselo ofiira, malinga ndi American Red Cross . Ndi mankhwala opulumutsa moyo omwe nthawi zonse amafunidwa kwambiri. Pang'ono chifukwa zopereka magazi sizikhala kwamuyaya. Mosiyana ndi njira zina zopulumutsira moyo, zopangira magazi ndizotheka kuwonongeka ndipo sizingasungidwe kapena kupangidwa, atero a Yvette Miller, MD, wamkulu wa zamankhwala ku American Red Cross. Maselo ofiira amakhala ndi masiku alumali masiku 42, pomwe ma platelet amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku asanu.

Pomwe anthu amakhala kutali kunyumba kuti ateteze kufalikira kwa COVID-19, zoyendetsa magazi zambiri zidathetsedwa. Madokotala masauzande ambiri aku America a Red Cross adakhudzidwa ndi COVID-19 ndipo kuletsa m'dziko lonselo kwadzetsa masauzande ochepa opereka magazi, akufotokoza Dr. Miller. Komabe, kufunika kwa magazi kumakhala kosalekeza ndipo kwapitilira mu mliriwu. Kuika magazi kwathunthu si mankhwala a coronavirus yatsopano, koma plasma yotenga magazi (gawo la magazi ochokera kwa anthu omwe adachira ndi kachilomboka) lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiritsa odwala ena ovuta. Mwanjira ina, mliri wapadziko lonse udawonjezera zosowa zomwe zidalipo kale.

Pafupifupi 3% mwa anthu oyenerera amapereka magazi chaka chilichonse. Ngati mukufuna njira yosavuta yothandizira wina, ndipo mukupereka ndalama kwa nthawi yoyamba, yambani apa kuti muphunzire zoyambira.

Kulembetsa ndi kuvomerezeka

Gawo loyamba ndikupeza ngati mukuyenera kupereka magazi, ndi komwe mungapereke.

Ndani angapereke magazi?

Zofunikira zazikulu pakuyenererana ndi zaka ndi kulemera. Muyenera kukhala osachepera zaka 17, kulemera mapaundi 110, ndikukhala athanzi labwino.Ngati ndinu munthu wathanzi, mutha kulowa nawo, ndipo adzawonera anthu omwe sali m'malo abwino oti aperekepo, akutiJoyce Mikal-Flynn, EdD, FNP, woyambitsa ndi woyambitsa wa MetaHab .

Pali zikhalidwe zina zathanzi, maulendo, komanso zoopsa zina zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala osayenera kupereka monga kuchepa kwa magazi, mimba, khansa, HIV, chiwindi, komanso kukhala ndi ma tattoo kapena kuboola kwatsopano. M'mbuyomu, panali zoletsa zomwe zimalepheretsa amuna ambiri ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuti apereke zopereka. Posachedwa, poyankha kuchuluka kwakufunika chifukwa cha COVID-19, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idawamasula malangizo . Malinga ndi Kim Langdon, MD, katswiri wothandizira Kulera Pod , zomwe zimaphatikizapozotsatirazi, kuti ziyambe kuchitidwa mwachangu, ku upangiri wa Disembala 2015:

• Kwa omwe amapereka amuna omwe akanachedwa kuti agonane ndi mwamuna wina: Kusintha ndikuti nthawi yobwezeretsa yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa imachokera miyezi 12 mpaka miyezi itatu.
• Kwa opereka chithandizo chachikazi omwe akadasinthidwa chifukwa chogonana ndi bambo yemwe adagonana ndi mwamuna wina: Kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa kuchokera miyezi 12 mpaka miyezi itatu.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ma tattoo posachedwa ndi kuboola: Bungweli lisintha nthawi yomwe ikubwezeredwa kuyambira miyezi 12 mpaka miyezi itatu.

ZOKHUDZA: Ndani angapereke magazi-ndipo ndani sangatero

Kodi ndingalembetse bwanji kuti ndipereke?

Fufuzani fayilo ya Tsamba la American Red Cross , Tsamba la America's Blood Center , kapena AABB.org kupeza malo oyendetsa magazi kapena malo operekera pafupi nanu. Mutha kupemphedwa kuti mudzaze mafunso amafupikitsidwe apa intaneti okhala ndi zambiri, monga dzina lanu, tsiku lobadwa, ndi zambiri zamalumikizidwe. Malo operekera zopereka ambiri amakulolani kusankha nthawi yapaintaneti. Kenako, muyenera kungofika pakatikati pa tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe mwasankhidwa.

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyimbanso 1-800-RED-CROSS. Ngati mumakhala wopereka pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupanga dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi ndi malo anu kuti musavomereze kulembetsa mtsogolo.

Njira yoperekera magazi

Kupereka magazi ndikotetezeka, mwachangu, ndipo anthu ambiri samakumana ndi zovuta zilizonse. Komabe, pali zina zomwe mungachite kuti mutsimikizire kuti kupereka kwanu koyamba magazi ndikwabwino, ndikuti mumamva bwino mukapereka.

Musanapite

Kukonzekera zopereka zamagazi kuyenera kuyamba tsiku limodzi osapereka ndalama asanalowe pagalimoto kapena malo operekera magazi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu azidya chakudya chopatsa thanzi usiku watha, apumule usiku wabwino ndikumwa zakumwa zina, atero Dr. Miller. Zonsezi zithandizira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino pantchitoyo. Kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumatha kukulitsa mwayi wakumva kukomoka, mutapereka kapena kupangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kupeza mtsempha.

Patsiku loperekera magazi anthu ayenera kumwa madzi ochulukirapo a 16, kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso kuvala malaya omwe amakwera pamwamba pa chigongono kuti awonetsetse kuti ma phlebotomists amatha kumaliza kupereka magazi, adatero Dr. Miller. Asanachoke kunyumba, anthu akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi ID yawo yazithunzi ndikukhala ndi chigoba kumaso kapena chovala kumaso chomwe angavale akamalowa pagalimoto.

Kupereka magazi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kofunikira m'malo ambiri, chifukwa chake ngakhale boma lanu likakhala kuti likulamula kunyumba, mudzatha kupereka.Ogwira ntchitowa ndi omveka bwino komanso osamala pothandiza kuti anthu asatetezedwe ku COVID-19, atero Mikal-Flynn.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zoyendetsa magazi sizimaganiziridwa ngati kusonkhana kwa anthu ambiri, m'malo mwake zimakhala zochitika ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso njira zoyenera zotetezera omwe amapereka magazi ndi omwe amalandira, akufotokoza Dr. Miller.

Pa chopereka chanu chamagazi

Akafika pagalimoto, anthu amatenga kutentha kwawo kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi thanzi lokwanira, Dr. Miller atero. Atalowa pagalimoto, adzafunsidwa kuti apereke dzina lawo, adilesi, nambala yafoni ndi ID ya chithunzi.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi mbiri yazaumoyo pomwe omwe akufuna kupereka ndalama adzafunsidwa mafunso pakufunsidwa kwachinsinsi komanso zachinsinsi za mbiri yaumoyo wawo komanso malo omwe adayenda, atero Dr. Miller. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chowunikira kuti magazi anu akhale otetezeka kuti apereke, onetsetsani kuti mwayankha mafunso moona mtima. Idzaphatikizaponso mini-thupi pomwe ogwira nawo ntchito amawunika kutentha, hemoglobin, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwamphamvu.

Malingana ngati mulibe magazi komanso mulibe zina, muthanso kupereka magazi, atero a Langdon.

Gawo lachitatu limatenga opereka ndalama kupita ku mpando wopereka, komwe timatolera zoperekazo, akutero Dr. Miller. Mudzakhala pamalo abwino mwina kukhala kapena kugona pansi. Ogwira ntchito adzatsuka dzanja la woperekayo, ndikutsatira pang'ono, chikwamacho chimayamba kudzaza… Pakatoleredwa pafupifupi painti imodzi ya magazi, zoperekazo zatha, ndipo wogwira ntchito adzaika bandeji padzanja, akufotokoza Dr. .

Kupereka magazi kwathunthu kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10. Ngati mukupereka plasma kapena ma platelet, zimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Mitundu ya zoperekayi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa apheresis, zomwe zimangotanthauza kuti magazi anu amafyululidwa kudzera pamakina omangika m'manja awiri mukamapereka. Makinawo amatenga gawo lamagazi lomwe likufunika pakati, ndikusintha zina zonse mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kutenga mpaka maola awiri kuti zopereka za plasma ndi zoperekera m'maplatelet.

Pambuyo popereka magazi

Ndalama yanu ikamalizidwa, mudzapatsidwa chakumwa ndi chotukuka, limodzi ndi malangizo amomwe mungadzisamalire mutapereka. Zonsezi ndikubwezeretsa madzi omwe mudataya popereka magazi, malinga ndi Mikhal-Flynn.

Anthu ena amakumana ndi zovuta chifukwa chopereka magazi, monga kukomoka, opepuka, chizungulire, nseru, kapena thukuta. Nthawi zambiri malingaliro amenewo amangokhala mphindi zochepa, ndikusintha ndikudya ndi madzi.

Muthanso kukhala ndi zipsera pomwe singano idalowetsedwa. Ngati mukumva kupwetekedwa mtima kapena kupepuka mutu, kupweteka kapena kufooka m'manja, kuphulika kapena kutuluka magazi mosalekeza, muyenera kulumikizana ndi omwe amakuthandizani kapena omwe akupatsani chithandizo.

Nthawi zambiri, malangizo omwe amapereka pambuyo pake amaphatikizapo kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, kukhala ndi madzi ambiri, komanso kupewa kusuta kapena kumwa mowa kwa maola 24. Dikirani milungu isanu ndi itatu musanaperekenso magazi.

Mphamvu ya chopereka chanu

Mukapereka, magazi anu operekedwa amatumizidwa kumalo osinthira. Nthawi zambiri, magazi amapatulidwa m'magulu ake atatu, plasma, ma platelets, ndi maselo ofiira. Gawo lililonse limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Zaphatikizidwa m'mayunitsi, omwe ndi ndalama zofananira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka magazi. Zopereka mwazi zimagawidwa kumalo osungira magazi achipatala.

Chifukwa chodziwikiratu choperekera ndalama ndikuthandizira anthu, atero Mikal-Flynn. Ngakhale panthawiyi, zoopsa zimachitika. Magazi amafunikira kuti athandizire posamalira odwala. Odwala angafunike kuthiridwa magazi ngati atuluka magazi kwambiri pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, monga ngozi yagalimoto kapena opaleshoni. Atha kukhalanso gawo la chithandizo chazinthu zina zathanzi, monga khansa kapena kuchepa kwa magazi mu zenga .

Omwe amapereka magazi ku Africa American atha kuthandiza odwala omwe akumenya matenda a zenga. Odwala cell omwe amadwala kwambiri ndi ochokera ku Africa ndipo amafuna kuikidwa magazi pafupipafupi kuchokera kwa anthu amtundu komanso mtundu womwewo kuti ateteze zovuta panthawi yochizira, atero Dr. Miller. Tsoka ilo, kuyambira mkatikati mwa Marichi tawona kuchuluka kwa omwe amapereka magazi ku Africa American akutsika kupitirira theka. Ndizomveka, tikukhulupirira kuti chiwerengerochi chatsika kwambiri chifukwa chakuletsa magazi pama bizinesi, matchalitchi, komanso masukulu, komanso kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka COVID-19 kwa anthu aku Africa aku America poyerekeza ndi magulu ena, atero Dr. Miller. Ngakhale tikuzindikira zovuta izi, Red Cross imafuna thandizo la omwe amapereka magazi ku Africa America kuti awonetsetse magazi osiyanasiyana.

Magazi anu akakonzeka kuthandiza ena, amayesedwa mtundu wamagazi ndi zina. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa zopereka, kupatula kuthandiza anthu: Ndiwowunika thanzi laulere. Mudzadziwitsidwa za mayesero aliwonse abwino, ndipo mutha kudziwa zamomwe zimakhalira, ngati chitsulo chochepa.

Muphunziranso mtundu wamagazi anu: A, B, AB, kapena O. Pali njira zenizeni zomwe magazi amafananira ndi kuthiridwa magazi mosavutikira, ndipo mtundu wamagazi ndi gawo limodzi mwazomwezo. Mtundu O- ndiye mtundu wamagazi wapadziko lonse, kutanthauza kuti, ungaperekedwe kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wamagazi. Type AB + plasma ndiye wopereka wa plasma wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngati muli ndi imodzi mwamagazi amtunduwu, zopereka zanu ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndizopemphedwa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasowa.

Kupereka magazi kamodzi kumatha kupulumutsa miyoyo itatu, malinga ndi American Red Cross. Sizingapangidwe, ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi anthu athanzi. Wina ku US amafunikira magazi pamasekondi awiri aliwonse. Izi zimawonjezera magawo 7,000 am'maplatelet ndi mayunitsi 10,000 a plasma. Makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu za anthu ali oyenera kupereka. Kusankhidwa kwanu kumatha kuthandizira kukhala gawo la yankho la wina amene akusowa thandizo.