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Ziwerengero za Schizophrenia 2021

Nkhani

Mawu oti schizophrenia amachokera ku chiyambi chachi Greek, kutanthauzira kwa schizo kumatanthauza kupatukana komanso kumatanthawuza tanthauzo la malingaliro. Schizophrenia ndiyosiyana ndi vuto lodziwikitsa, lomwe kale limadziwika kuti kugawanika kwamunthu, lomwe ndi malingaliro olakwika ambiri. Pali zizindikiro zambiri za schizophrenia, ndipo anthu amatha kuziona m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ziwerengero za Schizophrenia zikuwonetsa kuti matenda akulu amisala nthawi zambiri amayamba adakali aang'ono ndipo ngakhale zizindikilo zimakhala zoyipa koyambirira kwa vutoli, chithandizo cha schizophrenia lilipo komanso lothandiza.

Kodi schizophrenia ndi chiyani?

Schizophrenia ndi matenda osachiritsika komanso amisala omwe amakhudza malingaliro amunthu, momwe amamvera, komanso machitidwe ake. Vutoli limakhudza momwe munthu amaonera zenizeni, mayanjano, komanso malingaliro ake. Zizindikiro za schizophrenia zimaphatikizapo kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo-zomwe zitha kukhala zowoneka kapena zowoneka (kuwona zinthu zomwe kulibe, mawu akumva) -kusokeretsa, kuwonongeka kwazidziwitso kuwonekera ngati njira yachilendo yoganizira kapena kusalankhula bwino, komanso zovuta pamaubwenzi. Asayansi apeza kuti kusamvana kwamankhwala ena muubongo, mikhalidwe ya majini, ndi zochitika zachilengedwe monga kupsinjika kwa moyo wam'mbuyo ndizomwe zimawopsa chifukwa cha schizophrenia. Pulogalamu ya mitundu ikuluikulu a schizophrenia amaphatikizapo paranoid schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, ndi schizoaffective disorder.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwakuthupi, chibadwa, malingaliro, komanso chilengedwe zitha kupangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto, akuti Judy Ho | , Ph.D., katswiri wazachipatala ku California komanso wokhala ndi SuperCharged Life podcast. Vutoli limayendetsedwa m'mabanja, koma palibe jini limodzi lomwe lapezeka kuti lidayambitsa.

Zizindikiro za Schizophrenia

Zizindikiro zoyipa ndizo zomwe zimachotsa machitidwe kapena njira zomwe zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino. Melissa Mueller-Douglas , LMSW, wothandizira pa University of Rochester Medical Center's Strong Ties Project ACT Team akufotokoza izi:

Umphawi wolankhula: Kulankhula pang'ono kapena kupereka mayankho achidule pamafunso.
Anhedonia: Kupanda chisangalalo kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe anali nazo, kuchepa kwa zofuna zawo. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwachitetezo m'dera lamunthu, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wabwino.
Khudzani zoperewera: Kuchepetsa kwakukulu pamalingaliro am'malingaliro. Izi zitha kukhudza ubale wapamtima ndi abale ndi abwenzi.
Kusakhala ndi chidwi: Munthu sangakhale ndi chidwi cham'kati chotsatira ntchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, monga kukonzekera m'mawa.

Zizindikiro za schizophrenia zimatha kukhudza kuyenda kwa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku monga, kuthekera kwawo kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi ubale wogwira ntchito, kapena kudzisamalira, atero Ho. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana nthawi zambiri amawona zochitika zawo zatsiku ndi tsiku zikugwera munjira ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kulowererapo (mwachitsanzo, kudzera mwa akatswiri azamisala kapena akatswiri amisala) kwa miyoyo yawo yambiri kuti asataye zizindikilo ndikuwonetsetsa ] timu ili m'malo ngati angayambirenso.

Kodi schizophrenia ndi yotani?

Schizophrenia imakhudza anthu 20 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. (Global Burden of Disease, 2017)
Chiwerengero chatsopano cha schizophrenia ndi 1.5 pa anthu 10,000. ( Ndemanga za Epidemiol (2008)
Schizophrenia ndi imodzi mwazigawo 15 zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala padziko lonse lapansi. (Global Burden of Disease, 2016)
Pafupifupi anthu 5% omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amadzipha, nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu matenda amisala atangoyamba. ( Zosungidwa za General Psychiatry, 2005)
Pafupifupi anthu 20% omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amayesa kudzipha kamodzi. (The Recovery Village, 2020)

Ziwerengero za Schizophrenia ku United States

Kukula kwa schizophrenia pakati pa akuluakulu aku US akuti ndi anthu miliyoni 1.5 pachaka. (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2019)
Schizophrenia nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa achinyamata ali ndi zaka zopitirira 30 mpaka zaka zoyambirira za 30 ali ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimakonda kupezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2018)
Pafupifupi moyo wotayika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia ku US ndi zaka 28.5. ( JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Zizindikiro zama psychotic ndi matenda a schizophrenia chifukwa cha mafuko

Kukula kwakanthawi pazizindikiro zodzidzimutsa zokha ndizokwera kwambiri kwa anthu akuda aku America (21.1%), Latino American (19.9%), ndi azungu aku America (13.1%). ( Ntchito Zamisala , 2013)
Kukula kwakanthawi pazizindikiro zodzidzimutsa zokha ndizochepa kwambiri ku Asia America (5.4%). ( Ntchito Zamisala , 2013)
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu akuda aku America ali ndi mwayi wochulukirapo katatu kapena kanayi kuposa azungu aku America kuti alandire matenda a Schizophrenia. ( World Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

Schizophrenia ndi ziwerengero zachiwawa

Odwala omwe amapezeka ndi schizophrenia amakhala ndi mwayi wochita zachiwawa kuwirikiza kanayi kapena kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa anthu wamba. ( International Journal of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (2015)
6% ya milandu yakupha imachitidwa ndi odwala schizophrenia m'maiko akumadzulo. ( International Journal of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (2015)
Kafukufuku wina ku Sweden adapeza kuti 13.2% ya odwala schizophrenia anali ndichilango chimodzi chokha. ( Zolemba pa American Medical Association (2009)
M'zaka zisanu zoyambirira za matenda a schizophrenia (kapena okhudzana nawo), amuna 10.7% ndi azimayi 2.7% adatsutsidwa ndi mlandu wachiwawa ku Sweden. ( Lancet Psychiatry (2014)
Kuchuluka kwa ziwawa pakati pa odwala schizophrenia ndi matenda ena okhudzana nawo kudakwera pafupifupi kasanu kuposa pakati pa abale awo ndipo pafupifupi kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa omwe amafanana ndi anthu onse ku Sweden. ( Lancet Psychiatry (2014)

Zovuta zomwe zimachitika limodzi ndi schizophrenia

Anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amathanso kukhala ndi zovuta zamankhwala. Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zikuyimira kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda amisala:

Zizindikiro zakukhumudwitsa: 30% -54%
Matenda atatha kupwetekedwa mtima: 29%
Matenda osokoneza bongo: 23%
Kusokonezeka kwamantha: 15%

(The Recovery Village, 2020)

Kuchiza schizophrenia

Tsoka ilo, ochepa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia (31%) amadziwika kuti alandila chithandizo chamankhwala, ndikuwonetsa kuti opitilira awiri mwa atatu ali ndi vuto la mankhwala; anthu ochulukirapo omwe sanalandire chisamaliro adapezeka kuti agwera anthu ochepa kwambiri, malinga ndi Bulletin ya World Health Organization .

Pafupifupi munthu aliyense yemwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi schizophrenia adzafunika chithandizo chamankhwala, nthawi zambiri ndimankhwala ochepetsa matenda aubongo, atero Ho. Anatinso ma antipsychotic atypical amatha kuthana ndi matenda a schizophrenia monga kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi chinyengo.

Pakadali pano, clozapine ndiye mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pothana ndi psychotic pothetsa kusamvana ndi mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zambiri, odwala amayenera kuyesa mitundu ingapo yamankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti apeze mtundu woyenera wa mankhwala ndi mlingo wawo, Ho akufotokoza.

Malingaliro azidziwitso zamaganizidwe (CBT) omwe ali ndi akatswiri azaumoyo ndi omwe amathandiza kwambiri pochiza odwala schizophrenic, malinga ndi Ho. Akufotokoza kuti CBT imaphunzitsa wodwala momwe angayendetsere malingaliro awo ndi machitidwe awo komanso kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa chiwonetsero cha psychotic.

Kulowererapo koyambirira kumatha kukhudza kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. Zizindikiro za Schizophrenia nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, ndipamene nthawi zambiri kudzipha kumakhala kwakukulu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amakhala bwino pakapita nthawi, osati kuposa pamenepo. Pamenepo, makumi awiri% Anthu azikhala bwino pasanathe zaka zisanu atayamba kudwala. Chifukwa matenda a schizophrenia atha kukhala obadwa nawo, anthu omwe ali ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi schizophrenia kapena mbiri yazizindikiro zama psychic amatha kufunafuna othandizira azaumoyo kuti athe kupeza schizophrenia ndikuyamba chithandizo mwachangu momwe angathere.