Phunzirani kuzindikira zizindikiro za sitiroko

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Pali mwayi wabwino woti mukudziwa wina amene adadwala sitiroko, kapena mudzatero m'moyo wanu-ndipo ndichifukwa choti sitiroko ndiofala. Anthu opitilira 795,000 ku United States amadwala sitiroko chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuletsa Matenda (CDC) . M'mafanizo ena, wina ku United States amadwala sitiroko pakatha masekondi 40. Mphindi zinayi zilizonse, wina amafa ndi sitiroko. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe apulumuka, zikwapu ndizomwe zimayambitsa kupunduka kwanthawi yayitali.

Sitiroko ndi yoopsa komanso yofala, komabe pali chisokonezo chochuluka chozungulira iwo — kodi sitiroko ndi chiyani? Kodi zizindikiro za sitiroko ndi ziti? Kodi mungapewe bwanji sitiroko? Pano, pezani mayankho omwe mukufuna.

Kodi sitiroko ndi chiyani?

Kuti anene momveka bwino momwe zingathere, sitiroko ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa magazi osakwanira omwe amafika muubongo, atero a Stephen Devries, MD, katswiri wodziwa zaumoyo komanso wamkulu wa bungwe lopanda phindu Gaples Institute for Integrative Cardiology . Sitiroko imayambitsidwa ndi vuto lamitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapita kuubongo, zomwe zimatha kuchitika mwina chifukwa chotengera magazi chimatsekedwa kuchokera pachikopa cha cholesterol kapena magazi, kapena pamene chotengera chamagazi muubongo chimatseguka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kufooka kwa chibadwa mumtsempha.

Nthawi zambiri mumamva kupweteka kwa chiganizo chimodzimodzi ndi vuto la mtima chifukwa ndizovuta, koma sizofanana.Sitiroko imachitika chifukwa chotchinga chotengera chomwe chimapatsa ubongo magazi okosijeni, pomwe vuto la mtima limachitika chifukwa chotchinga komwe kumatuluka mumitsuko yomwe imapereka minofu yamtima, akufotokoza Regina S. Druz, MD, FACC, a Katswiri wa zamtima ndi Catholic Health Services ku Long Island ndi Chief Medical Officer ndi Holistic Heart Centers of America (HHCA). Ngakhale ziwalozo ndizosiyana kwambiri, zochitika zam'mimba ndi zamatenda zomwe zimakhudza kupwetekedwa mtima ndi matenda amtima ndizofanana, monganso zoopsa zomwe zimakhalapo.

Kodi chiopsezo cha sitiroko ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute , Zina mwaziwopsezo zazikulu zomwe zimakulitsa mwayi wanu wokhala ndi stroke ndi awa:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda a mtima
• Kusuta
• Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol cha LDL
• Matenda a atrial (nyimbo yachilendo)
• Ma aneurysms amubongo kapena zovuta zam'mimba (AVMs)
• Matenda kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa (monga lupus kapena nyamakazi)
• Mbiri ya banja la sitiroko
• Kugonana ( akazi amakhala othekera kwambiri kukhala ndi sitiroko)
• Mbiri isanachitike ya stroke kapena Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mini-stroke

Zina, zomwe sizidziwika bwino zomwe zimayambitsa sitiroko zimaphatikizapo nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kupsinjika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mobwerezabwereza, kumwa mopitirira muyeso, kunenepa kwambiri, kugona kwambiri (kupitirira maola asanu ndi anayi pafupipafupi), m'malo mwa estrogen, mapiritsi akulera pakamwa, komanso kukhala m'malo ndi kuipitsa mpweya.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za sitiroko ndi ziti?

Maso akulendewera, kufooka mkono, ndi vuto la kulankhula ndizizindikiro zonse za sitiroko, a Dr. Druz akutero. Malinga ndi CDC, zizindikiro zoyambirira za sitiroko zimaphatikizaponso:

• Kufooka mwadzidzidzi kapena kufooka pankhope, mkono, kapena mwendo, makamaka mbali imodzi ya thupi
• Kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi, kulephera kulankhula, kapena kuvutika kumvetsetsa zolankhula
• Vuto ladzidzidzi kuwona m'maso amodzi kapena onse awiri
• Kuyenda modzidzimutsa kuyenda, chizungulire, kutayika bwino, kapena kusowa kolumikizana
• Mwadzidzidzi mutu wopweteka popanda chifukwa chodziwika

Zizindikiro za sitiroko zimatha kukhala zosiyana pakati pa akazi kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi amuna. Malinga ndi American Stroke Association, amayi atha kunena zodandaula monga:

• Kufooka kwakukulu
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kupuma movutikira
• Kusokonezeka, kusayankha, kapena kusokonezeka
• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamakhalidwe
• Kusokonezeka
• Kuzindikira
• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Ululu
• Kugwidwa
• Kutaya chidziwitso kapena kukomoka

Kodi mumakhala ndi zizindikilo mpaka liti musanagwere?

Zizindikiro za sitiroko zitha kukhala masiku asanu ndi awiri chisanachitike, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Neurology . Zizindikiro zochenjeza za sitiroko ndizofanana ndi sitiroko yokha — koma kusiyana ndikuti, asanagwidwe ndi stroke, zizindikilozo zimakhazikika mwachangu, nthawi zina mphindi zochepa, Dr. Devries akufotokoza. Nthawi zambiri, ma alarm awa amanyalanyazidwa ndipo anthu samafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chingakhale chopulumutsa moyo. Kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu chizindikiro choyamba kungathandize kupewa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani mukazindikira zizindikiro za matenda a sitiroko?

Ngati izi ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano ndiye muyenera kuyitanitsa 911. Gulu ili lazizindikiro limadziwika kuti 'FAST' - kukuthandizani kukumbukira zizindikilo zitatuzi, ndikuwonjezera 'T' kuwonetsa kuti nthawi ndiyofunika. akufotokoza Dr. Druz.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) imaphwanya FAST ndi zizindikilo ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mutsimikizire zomwe zingachitike wodwala sitiroko motere:

F — Nkhope: Funsani munthuyo kuti amwetulire. Kodi mbali imodzi ya nkhope imagwa?
A — Zida: Funsani munthuyo kuti akweze mikono yonse iwiri. Kodi dzanja limodzi limatsetsereka?
S - Kulankhula: Funsani munthuyo kuti abwereze mawu osavuta. Kodi amalankhula moperewera kapena mwachilendo?
T — Nthawi: Mukawona zina mwazizindikirozi, itanani 9-1-1 nthawi yomweyo. Kuchiza msanga ndikofunikira.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti inu kapena munthu wina akudwala matenda osokoneza bongo (TIA) kapena sitiroko, musayendetse kuchipatala kapena kulola wina kuti akuyendetseni. Itanani ambulansi kuti azachipatala ayambe chithandizo chopulumutsa moyo panjira yopita kuchipatala. Pa sitiroko, mphindi iliyonse amawerengera.

Kodi sitiroko ingadziwike?

Pali chinthu chonga mini sitiroko - kapena TIA-yomwe imatha kudziwika ndi onse omwe akukumana nayo komanso owonera. TIA ndi vuto m'mitsempha yamagazi yaubongo yomwe imapangitsa kuchepa kwakanthawi kwakutuluka kwa magazi kupita kudera lina laubongo, malinga ndi Thanzi la Harvard . Dr.Louis Caplan, pulofesa wa zaminyewa ku Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center yolumikizana ndi Harvard akuti izi ndi zazifupi kwambiri, zosakwana ola limodzi mpaka maola 24.

M'malo mwake, ma TIA ambiri adatha mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Mndandanda wa zochitika zomwe zimatsogolera ku TIA ndizofanana zomwe zimayambitsa stroko, koma pang'ono. Izi ndizowopsa chifukwa TIA itha kuwononga kwamuyaya ndipo imatha kuyambitsa sitiroko posachedwa.

Kodi mikhalidwe ingafanane ndi stroke?

Malinga ndi kufufuza lofalitsidwa mu 2017, pali zovuta zingapo zamankhwala zomwe zingafanane ndi zizindikilo za matenda a sitiroko, monga: zotupa zaubongo, zovuta zamagetsi (monga hypoglycemia kapena hyperthyroidism), matenda opatsirana (monga meningoencephalitis), ndi matenda amisala (monga migraine kapena kugwidwa ).

Izi zimapangitsa kuzindikira kuti sitiroko ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma kudikirira chithandizo kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zosasinthika. Ngati mukuganiza kuti pali mwayi uliwonse woti ungakhale sitiroko, ndi nthawi yoti mupite kuchipatala. Ngakhale zitakhala zofanizira, ndibwino kukhala otetezeka kuposa chisoni.

Momwe mungapewere sitiroko

Ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe sizingatheke (monga mbiri ya banja komanso majini), pali njira zambiri zochepetsera chiopsezo cha sitiroko. Anthu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa thanzi lawo ndi zakudya komanso moyo wawo kuposa momwe amadziwira, Dr. Devries akuti.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, atrial fibrillation, cholesterol, komanso matenda oopsa amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda opha ziwalo. Kulimbana ndi mavutowa ndi mankhwala awo kumathandiza kupewa sitiroko.

Njira zisanuzi zitha kuthandiza kupewa sitiroko:

1. Siyani kusuta . Kusuta ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, ndipo palibe chomwe chingakhale njira yabwinoko yopezera thanzi kuposa kusiya, atero Dr. Devries.
2. Chepetsani mchere womwe mumadya, ndipo idyani zakudya zochepa zomwe zakonzedwa . Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndichimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu, atero Dr. Devries. Kusintha kwa zakudya kumatha kuthandizira kwambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi - makamaka kuchepetsa mchere wazakudya zanu (zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya zambiri zopangidwa ndimatumba, komanso buledi, nyama zopangidwa monga nyama yankhumba ndi soseji, ndi pizza).
3. Idyani zipatso zambiri, nyemba, ndi masamba . Pazifukwa zabwino, zakudya zokhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri, monga zipatso zambiri, nyemba, ndi amadyera, zimathandizadi kutsika kwa magazi , akutero Dr. Devries.
4. Chepetsani kumwa mowa . Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kungayambitsenso kuthamanga kwa magazi — chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri sachidziwa, anatero Dr. Devries.
5. Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse . Zosintha zina pamoyo zomwe zingathandize kupewa kupwetekedwa mtima zimaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kuphatikizapo kuyenda mosalekeza, komanso kusamalira nkhawa ndi zida monga kusinkhasinkha, atero Dr. Devries.

Ngati mwadwala kale sitiroko, dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani aspirin , chiworkswichi ( Dothi ), ndi mankhwala a statin kupewa kupwetekedwa kwachiwiri.

Njira ziwiri zopewera matenda obwera chifukwa cha sitiroko ndikupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndikuchita zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino, Dr. Devries akuti. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kuchipatala ndikofunikira kuti magazi aziyenda, cholesterol , komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Koma ngakhale mutakhala ndi mankhwala oyenera, kusintha moyo wanu kumakhalabe kofunikira. Odwala sitiroko amathandizidwa ndi aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix) komanso mankhwala a statin oletsa kupwetekedwa kachiwiri.