Kulera kwa amuna: Zosankha zamakono komanso zopambana zatsopano

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Kupezeka kwa njira zakulera kwakhala chinthu chothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu pankhani ya kulera komanso kupewa mimba zosakonzekera . Izi zikunenedwa, makamaka udali udindo wa akazi chifukwa pakhala pali njira zosavuta kupeza kwa iwo. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa njira zolerera za abambo kwapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zambiri zakulera za abambo zomwe zilipo komanso pafupi.

Zosankha 8 zakulera kwa amuna

Mpaka posachedwa, njira zazikulu zakulera za amuna zimaphatikizapo kusiya, makondomu, ndi ma vasectomies. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwatsopano kwachitika mdziko la njira zakulera za abambo: Pali zosankha zatsopano zomwe zikupezeka pano komanso pakukula.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira yolerera ya amayi, njira iliyonse imabwera ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zake, kutengera momwe mumakhalira.

Njira zakulera zomwe amuna angapange ndi monga:

1. Makondomu
2. Kutulutsa
3. Kuchotsa (kapena kukoka)
4. Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka
5. Kulera kwa amuna kuwombera
6. Gel osakaniza olera
7. Vasectomy
8. Mavitamini osagwira ntchito

1. Makondomu

Kupezeka: Zimapezeka kuti zigulitsidwe pakauntala

Makondomu akhala njira yotchuka yolerera kwa abambo chifukwa chothandiza kuthana ndi pakati komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana. Makondomu ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa kuchotsedwa ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi njira zina zolerera (mwachitsanzo, ndi mkazi yemwe mukumwa naye mapiritsi olera).

Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, makondomu amatha kukhala othandiza popewera kutenga pakati; komabe, pali mwayi wambiri wolakwitsa kwaumunthu womwe ungawapangitse kukhala osagwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kondomu yavalidwa molakwika, kapena ili ndi timabowo ting'onoting'ono kapena misozi, umuna wina umatha kulowa mdzira, ndikupangitsa kuti ukala ukhale wotheka.

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kondomu ngati njira yolerera, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti sanathe, asungidwa moyenera, ndikuvala moyenera.

2. Kutulutsa mawu

Kupezeka: Zimapezeka kuti mugwiritse ntchito

Malinga ndi Kukhala Parenthood , kunja ndi zochitika zogonana zomwe sizikuphatikizira kulowa maliseche (mbolo kumaliseche). Monga njira yolerera, kutulutsa mawu ndikothandiza poletsa umuna ndi dzira kuti zisabwere pamodzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti umuna uchitike.

Kugonana kumatha kutanthauza zinthu zosiyanasiyana kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake nthawi zina, izi zimatha kuphatikizira kugonana mkamwa kapena kumatako. Ngakhale izi sizingapangitse umuna (kupatula ngati umuna umatha kulowa kunyini), makondomu ndiwothandiza kupewa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

3. Kuchoka

Kupezeka: Zimapezeka kuti mugwiritse ntchito

Kuchokera kumadziwika kuti The Pull Out Method. Apa ndipamene bambo amatulutsa mbolo yake isanakodzeke kuti atchotsere umuna kuti ufikire dzira la mkazi. Monga njira yolerera, siyothandiza kwenikweni, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuchita moyenera nthawi zonse. Pali mwayi kuti umuna ukhoza kufikira dzira, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale pakati.

Ngakhale njirayi siyothandiza kwenikweni, imapindulitsa kwambiri popewa kutenga pakati kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera konse.

4. Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka

Kupezeka: Pakukula

Mu Marichi wa 2018, padachitika zochitika zikafika pa njira yakulera kwa amuna omwe ali ndi mapiritsi. Asayansi ku National Institutes of Health ndi Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development adalengeza kuti adamaliza kuyesa koyambirira kwa mapiritsi achimuna okhala ndi dimethandrolone undecanoate ( DMAU ). Pochita kafukufuku wawo, amuna athanzi 100 adamwa tsiku lililonse la DMAU, ndipo atatha masiku 28 kulera koyenera kunawonedwa. Kafukufuku wawo adatsimikiza kuti mankhwalawa anali ololedwa bwino ndi amuna omwe amatenga nawo gawo ndikuti patadutsa masiku 28, kubereka kwawo kudachepa mpaka pafupi kutayika.

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa mahomoni amphongo monga testosterone ndikuletsa mapangidwe amtundu wa umuna. Dr. Kendra Segura , OBGYN yovomerezeka ndi board ikufotokoza kuti Dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) ndi mapiritsi a androgen / anabolic steroid / progesterone kamodzi patsiku omwe amapondereza FSH ndi LH kuchititsa kuchepa kwa testosterone ndi umuna. Akuti pakadali pano ali m'mayeso azachipatala kuti awone zomwe zingachitike kwa nthawi yayitali pa impso, chiwindi, libido, [komanso] kukhumudwa.

Kafukufuku wina wamankhwala akufufuzanso Mtundu wosavomerezeka wa DMAU . Komabe, chifukwa cha njira yayitali yovomerezera mankhwala ndi FDA, sitingathe kuziona pamsika kwanthawi yayitali.

5. Kulera kwa amuna kuwombera

Kupezeka: Pakukula

Kafukufuku wa 2016 wothandizidwa ndi CONRAD ndi World Health Organisation adawona ngati kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni operekedwa kwa amuna kudzera mu jakisoni kunali kothandiza pakulera. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adathetsedwa koyambirira chifukwa chazovuta zoyipa zomwe zidachitika chifukwa chowombera.

Mfutiyo inali ndi progestin, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), yomwe idatenga nthawi yayitali, ndi androgen, testosterone undecanoate (TU). Amuna omwe amatenga nawo mbali amawomberedwa milungu isanu ndi itatu iliyonse ngati njira yolerera. Zotsatira anasonyeza kuti ngakhale ma jakisoni anali othandiza kuthana ndi umuna, zovuta zake zinali zoyipa kwambiri kuti kafukufukuyu apitirire. Amuna omwe amatenga nawo mbali adakumana ndi ziphuphu, kupweteka pamalo obayira jakisoni, kuchuluka kwa zoyendetsa zogonana, kuwonongeka kwa erectile, komanso zovuta zam'maganizo.

M'miyezi yapitayi, ofufuza ku India amaliza kuyesa kwamankhwala oletsa jekeseni wamwamuna wotchedwa RISUG (choletsa kusintha kwa umuna motsogozedwa). Malinga ndi Dr. Segura, iyi ndi jakisoni yomwe imakhala ngati gel, yomwe imayimitsa umuna. RISUG imagwira ntchito pobaya gel osakanikirana ndi ma vas deferens amphongo kuti aletse umuna wamtundu kuti usatuluke mthupi. Izi zimateteza chachimuna, kupewa kutenga mimba. Jekeseni imodzi imatha kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka 13 ndipo imatha kusinthidwa ngati kuli kofunikira ndi jakisoni wina yemwe amasungunula gel osakaniza. RISUG ikuwonetsa lonjezo lalikulu kwa amuna omwe safuna vasectomy yokhazikika, yochita opaleshoni. Mayeserowa anali ndi maphunziro opitilira 300 aamuna ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri kuposa 97% popewa kutenga pakati. Pakadali pano ikuyembekezera kuvomerezedwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku India.

Ku United States, Vasalgel, yomwe ndi njira yolerera yozikidwa pa RISUG, ikukula. Sizikudziwika ngati Vasalgel adzafika misika yaku US ngati mayesero apambana.

6. gel osakaniza olera

Kupezeka: Pakukula

Gel ya kulera yotchedwa Nestorone-Testosterone (NES / T) yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwazaka zopitilira khumi ndipo itha kukhala njira yothandiza kwambiri yoletsa mahomoni kwa amuna. Gel osiyo imatseka mahomoni a gonadotropin ndikuchepetsa testosterone m'mayeso. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa umuna, komwe kumalepheretsa kutenga pakati. Gel, yemwe a FDA amalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito paphewa tsiku lililonse, adawonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza poletsa umuna mu 2012 kuphunzira mwa amuna 99. Chiyeso china chachipatala inayamba mu 2018.

Chifukwa cha mayeso okhwima achitetezo ndikuvomerezeka komwe kumafunikira ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA), mankhwalawa mwina sangakhale otsatsa kwakanthawi. Gel akuyembekezeredwa kumaliza ntchito zoyeserera zachipatala pofika chaka cha 2022, pambuyo pake apanga chigamulo chololeza mankhwalawo kuti athe kuphunzira nawo mu Gawo Lachitatu.

7. Vasectomy

Kupezeka: Amapezeka ngati opaleshoni

Njira imodzi yolerera yomwe amuna amagwiritsa ntchito ndi vasectomy. Vasectomy imakhudza kutsekeka kwa opaleshoni, komwe kumathandiza kwambiri, koma kuyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi kwamuyaya. Amatha kusinthidwa nthawi zina, koma osati mwa onse, ndipo ngakhale atasinthidwa bwino, mwayi wokhala ndi pakati umachepa kutengera kutalika kwa nthawi kuyambira vasectomy itatha. Ndi vasectomy, machubu omwe amanyamula umuna kuchokera kumachende amadulidwa ndikudulidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwamunayo samabereka chifukwa chobereka. Umunawo umakhalabe m'matumbo — ndi kunja kwa umuna — ndipo kenako umalowetsedwa ndi thupi.

Vasectomies ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imakhala ndi zoopsa zochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri imachitika muofesi .. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike mutatsata ndondomekoyi zingaphatikizepo magazi, kutupa, ndi mabala. Zovuta zowonjezereka ndizosowa. Vasectomies ndi othandiza kwambiri popewa kutenga pakati, komabe, sateteza ku matenda opatsirana pogonana.

8. Ma vasectomies osachita opaleshoni

Kupezeka: Zimapezeka kuti mugwiritse ntchito

Zatsopano zatsopano zadzetsa njira zopanda chithandizo za vasectomy. Zili choncho ndi vasectomy yopanda opaleshoni. Mofanana ndi vasectomy wamba, ma vas deferens amadulidwa kuti zisawononge umuna kutuluka machende. Komabe, njirayi ndi yosiyana ndikuti mmalo mogwiritsa ntchito scalpel kuti apange khungu, chikopa chaching'ono chimapangidwa pakhungu ndi chida chapadera. Chida ichi chimatambasula khungu pang'onopang'ono, kulola kuti kutsegula kutsegulire ku vas deferens. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi asatuluke pang'ono, zovuta zochepa, osafunikira zolumikizira, ndikuchira mwachangu.

Zovuta zopezera njira zakulera kuti zigulitsidwe

Monga momwe ziliri ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano chilichonse, kupeza njira yatsopano yolerera pamsika ndi vuto lalikulu. Vuto lalikulu kuti mankhwala azivomerezedwa ku msika ku US ndi nthawi ndi ndalama zomwe zimafunikira kuti muchite mayesero okhwima, atero Amber Cann, Pharm.D. ndi mwini wa Mphamvu ya Venus . Kuchokera pakupeza mankhwala mpaka gawo lomaliza la mayesero kumatha kutenga zaka makumi awiri ndi mazana mamiliyoni a madola. Akuwonjezera kuti mankhwala omwe alibe msika waukulu amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri kuti afufuze.

Mofanana ndi mankhwala atsopano aliwonse, zotsatirapo zake ziyenera kuthandizidwa ngati akuwoneka kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito mokwanira kuti athe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri. Pankhani yoletsa kubereka, vuto lina ndikufunika kwakuti mankhwalawa azigwira bwino ntchito monga njira zakulera zomwe zilipo (monga njira zambiri zomwe zilipo kale zakulera zazimayi, kuphatikiza njira za mahomoni ndi ma IUD).

Mfundo yofunika yolera yamwamuna

Ngakhale pali zochitika zatsopano zambiri zosangalatsa zakulera kwamwamuna pantchito, pakadali pano zosankha zomwe zilipo pamsika ndizochepa. M'tsogolomu, kukhala ndi njira zambiri zakulera za abambo kungakhale nako zabwino zambiri ndikuthandizira kuthetsa azimayi kuti asakhale ndiudindo pankhani yopewa kutenga pakati.

Mosasamala njira yomwe mungasankhire njira yolerera, ndikofunikira kuti mulankhule ndi omwe amakuthandizani zaumoyo za momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito zomwe zingachitike. Kuti mumve zambiri za njira zakulera za abambo, onani Tsogolo La Kulera Kwa Amuna .