Tsogolo la kulera kwa abambo: Ndani ayenera kuwongolera njira zolera?

Nkhani

Mu 1960, mapiritsi oletsa kubereka adavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira za kulera kwa amayi. Tsopano, zaka 60 pambuyo pake, amayi akadali ndiudindo waukulu wopewera mimba pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga mapiritsi, ma IUD, ndi mphete za amayi.

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoletsa kubereka, ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi abambo: kondomu, kuchotsedwa (komwe kumadziwika kuti njira yochotsera), ma vasectomies, ma exercourse, komanso kudziletsa. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo ya kulera kwa abambo mu gawo lazoyesera zamankhwala. Pali njira zitatu zakulera pakukula:

1. Piritsi la kulera lamankhwala la mahomoni tsiku lililonse (yotchedwa dimethandrolone undecanoate kapena DMAU) yomwe imachepetsa ma testosterone (mahomoni amphongo)
2. Gel ya topical zomwe zimapondereza kupanga umuna
3. KU kuwombera kamodzi omwe amalowetsa gel mu vas deferens (njira yomwe imasunthira umuna ku urethra) kutchinga umuna kuti usayende kunja kwa machende

Kuphatikiza njira zitatuzi kukakulitsa kwambiri zomwe abambo angasankhe popewa kutenga pakati.

Tidachita chidwi kuwona momwe njira zitatu zakulera zomwe zingasinthe kusintha pakati pa amuna ndi akazi omwe amagonana nawo komanso momwe amagawana nawo udindo wathanzi lobereka. Kuti tidziwe, tidasanthula anthu 998 ogonana, owongoka azaka za 18 mpaka 37. Izi ndi zomwe taphunzira…

Ndani ayenera kuwongolera olera?

Zikafika pogawana nawo ntchito yoletsa kubereka, pafupifupi amayi atatu mwa anayi aliwonse ndipo pafupifupi amuna 72% amakhulupirira kuti onse omwe amagonana nawonso ali ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera.

Panali amuna ochulukirapo kuposa akazi omwe amakhulupirira kuti mkaziyo ndiye ayenera kukhala ndi udindo woyang'anira kubereka, komabe, mwina chifukwa ntchitoyi yatengedwa ndi azimayi kwazaka zambiri.

Malire atsopano opewera kutenga pakati

Ndi amuna ambiri omwe amayankha mokomera kufanana pakulera, tidasanthula ophunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njira zakulera za abambo.

Azimayi opitilira 50% amakhala otseguka kuti azigonana ndi amuna anzawo tsiku lililonse. Amayi osakwatiwa amakonda kwambiri kukhala ndi wokondedwa wawo yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a tsiku ndi tsiku (63%). Ponseponse, azimayi ambiri anali otseguka pamapiritsi oletsa kubereka kuposa amuna.

Ngakhale kuti 40% ya amuna amati adzagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi oletsa kubala mahomoni tsiku lililonse, gawo lofananalo la omwe amatenga nawo gawo amuna sangakhale otseguka kuzinthu zitatu zomwe zingachitike.

Ndikumva kuti zosankha zambiri za abambo zitha kusintha kusintha, kupatsa amuna chiwongolero pang'ono ndipo mwina udindo wina wopewa kutenga mimba, wazaka 27 wazakafukufuku wazaka zamwamuna waku New York.

Kuletsa jekeseni wamwamuna kojambulidwa kunali pafupifupi kutchuka kawiri kwa azimayi muubwenzi kuposa amuna omwe ali maubwenzi. Popeza jekeseniyo imaperekedwa m'dera lodziwika bwino, ndizomveka kuti chisankhochi sichingakhale kusankha koyamba kwa amuna pakulera. Kumbali inayi, jakisoni wa nthawi imodzi amatha kukhala ndi chidwi chachikulu kwa azimayi omwe njira zakulera pakadali pano zimafunikira chisamaliro chanthawi zonse, monga mapiritsi a tsiku ndi tsiku kapena mphete ya nyini pamwezi.

Amayi amalimbikitsa njira zolerera

Tidafunanso kudziwa ngati azimayi ali ndi mwayi wosankha njira zakulera kwa anzawo kutengera njira zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito pano. Zikafika kwa azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ndikuwombera, amayenera kusankha njira zofananira ndi bwenzi lawo.

Azimayi opitilira 60% omwe anali pamapiritsiwa amakonda mapiritsi amphongo kuposa njira zina zakulera kwa abambo. Mofananamo, pafupifupi 66% ya azimayi omwe adawomberedwawo adayankha kuti angakonde bwenzi lachimuna kuti ligwiritse ntchito njira yolerera.

Ambiri mwa azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga zoletsa monga IUD , mphete ya nyini, kapena kuyika njira zakulera nawonso atha kusankha kuwombera kosakhala mahomoni. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti jakisoni wa nthawi imodzi atha kukhala ndi zovuta zofananira komanso kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ku IUD, mphete, ndikuyika.

Kusintha njira zamakono zolerera

Ndi njira zambiri zakulera zomwe zilipo, tidasanthula azimayi kuti tiwone momwe zingakhudzire njira zawo zolerera.

Pafupifupi 61% ya amayi apitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zakulera ngati ali ndi bwenzi logwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zatsopano za kulera. Amayi atha kusankha kukhalabe okhulupilika ku njira zawo zakulera ngati ali ndi zibwenzi zingapo ndipo zina mwa izo ndizogwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera za abambo. Poganizira 30% ya azimayi adati amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zakulera nthawi imodzi, nzosadabwitsa kuti apitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zakulera ngakhale mnzake atagwiritsa ntchito njira yolera ya abambo.

Amayi omwe anali ndi ma IUD samakonda kudalira mnzawoyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera za abambo. Pafupifupi azimayi atatu mwa anayi omwe ali ndi IUD apitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma IUD ali 99% yothandiza ndipo amakhala kulikonse kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka 12. Komanso, azimayi opitilira 52% omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu azimayi atha kusankha njira zolerera zatsopano. Ali 79% yothandiza , zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osadalirika poyerekeza ndi mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kapena ma IUD, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito makondomu azimayi amakhala omasuka kusintha.

Zoyipa zakulera kwamwamuna

Njira zamakono zolerera za abambo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa chitetezo kwazaka zambiri, ndipo kafukufuku wina wafupikitsidwa chifukwa cha zovuta zoyipa.

Mu mayesero omwe anaphatikiza amuna 320 athanzi lakuwombera kwa mahomoni, omwe akutenga nawo gawo 20 adasiya kafukufukuyu. Zotsatira zoyipa zoyipa zomwe zidachitika pamlanduwo zimaphatikizaponso vuto lakukhumudwa, kugunda kwamtima mosasinthasintha, komanso Kulephera kwa erectile . Pafupifupi zochitika 1,500 zoyipa zoyipa zidanenedwapo mkati mwa kafukufukuyu, kuphatikiza zovuta zazing'ono monga kupweteka kwa tsamba la jakisoni, ziphuphu, komanso kuchuluka kwakugonana.

Njira zakulera zachikazi zomwe zili pamsika ndizodziwika kale kuti zimakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa zingapo. Piritsi la kulera lamankhwala amthupi la tsiku ndi tsiku limatha kuyambitsa nseru, kupweteka mutu, kunenepa , kusintha kwa maso, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuzindikira zovuta zoyipa za njira zina zakulera zitha kupangitsa abambo ndi amai kukhala osamala za njira zatsopano zolerera za abambo. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti 67% ya amuna ndi 57% ya azimayi ali ndi nkhawa zazotsatira zakugonana zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kubereka. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna opitilira 53% ndi azimayi 45% adati ali ndi nkhawa ndi zovuta zamatenda amisala.

Ndikufuna lingaliro ngati sizimayambitsa zovuta, atero azimayi azaka 33 omwe achita nawo kafukufuku ku New Mexico. Kuletsa kubadwa kwa mahomoni achikazi kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri, chifukwa chake sindimakhulupirira kuti njira zakulera zamankhwala azimuna mpaka pano. Palibe amene ayenera kukakamizidwa kudwala chifukwa cha njira zina.

Ubwino wa kulera

Phindu lalikulu lodziwika bwino lakubala kwa amuna ndi amuna linali kupititsa patsogolo kupewa kutenga mimba. Oposa 31% ya amuna adayankha kuti akumva kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo owonjezera 34% adati asiye kuvala kondomu.

Azimayi opitilira 56% amakhulupirira kuti kulera kwamwamuna kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuti amuna ndi akazi azilera, pomwe amuna ochepera 38% adagwirizana.

Ndikanakhala wokondwa kukhala ndi mphamvu zanga zonse zakubereka, koma ndikadakhala wokwiya ndikapita kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zambiri kuti ndikalandire zipolopolo kapena mankhwala, atero wamwamuna wazaka 34 yemwe amatenga nawo gawo ku Florida.

Amayi makumi anayi mphambu atatu mwa amayiwo adagwirizana kuti kupezeka kwa njira zakulera za abambo kumawathandiza kuti asamapanikizike kwambiri popewa kutenga pakati, pomwe amuna opitilira 27% sangakhale opanikizika.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wapezeka kuti ngati 10% ya amuna omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolelera za abambo atagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zakulera, mimba zosayembekezereka zitha kuchepetsedwa kufika pa 5.2% ku United States.

Mapeto

Piritsi la kulera lachikazi lidasintha moyo monga momwe tikudziwira, ndipo zikuwonekabe ngati njira zatsopano zakulera za abambo zitha kukhala ndi vuto lomweli. Ndi opitilira 70% omwe akutenga nawo mbali akuyankha kuti onse omwe akuchita zogonana akuyenera kuchitanso chimodzimodzi pakulera, njira zitatu zatsopano za abambo zitha kusintha zomwe zachitika pakati pa omwe amagonana nawo.

Amayi makumi anayi peresenti ya amuna adayankha kuti akhale okonzeka kuyesa mapiritsi a tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamlingo waukulu, izi zitha kuwunikiranso momwe timagwirira ntchito yolera. Sikuti kulera koyenera kwa amuna kumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa malamulo omwe anthu ali nawo pakubereka kwawo komanso kutha kugawananso udindo ndi ufulu pakati pa abambo ndi amai pankhani yokhudza kugonana.

Njira
Kuti tichite kafukufuku wathu, tidalemba anthu 998 ogonana, anthu owongoka azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 37 omwe amakhala ku US kuti achite nawo kafukufuku. Avereji ya zaka anali 30.3. Kusintha kwakanthawi kwa zaka zinali zaka 4.8. Ophunzira 495 anali amuna, ndipo 493 anali akazi. 773 anali pachibwenzi, ndipo 215 anali osakwatira. Kafukufukuyu adachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Mechanical Turk ya Amazon.

Zofooka
Popeza kafukufuku wathuyu amangodalira zokumbukira komanso zokumana nazo za omwe atenga nawo mbali, zina zomwe ananena kuti mwina sizinakwaniritse, zinali zokokomeza, kapena kunyoza.

Kafukufukuyu makamaka amayang'ana kwambiri pamalingaliro, chifukwa chake mayankho atha kukhala osiyana ngati njira zakulera za abambo izi zilipo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ku US

Kafukufukuyu mwina sanaphatikizepo njira zonse zakulera zomwe zikufufuzidwa ndikukula.

Zotsatira mu phunziroli sizinayesedwe kapena kuyesedwa.