Nchiyani chimayambitsa potaziyamu yochepa?

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Mwachidziwikire mwamva kuti apulo tsiku limasunga dokotala. Nanga bwanji nthochi patsiku? Thupi lanu limafunikira potaziyamu kuti igwire ntchito. Ndi imodzi mwamchere wofunikira wathanzi . Zimathandiza kuyendetsa kayendedwe kabwino ka madzi m'thupi lanu, kusamalira thupi lanu ma electrolyte system, kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko.

Komabe, zikafika potaziyamu, kulinganiza zinthu.

Potaziyamu wochuluka, wotchedwa hyperkalemia, amatha kuyambitsa kufooka, kutopa, kutayika kwa minofu, komanso kugunda kwamtima pang'ono. Potaziyamu wocheperako, wotchedwa hypokalemia, amatha kupangitsa kufooka kwa minofu, kugwedezeka kwa minofu, kugundana kwa mtima, ndi kukokana-kumayambitsanso ziwalo ndi kupumira.

Potaziyamu ochepa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu azaumoyo , monga kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi miyala ya impso, ndichifukwa chake zimathandiza kudziwa momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro za potaziyamu wochepa komanso zomwe zingayambitse. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri mumatha kukweza potaziyamu nokha kudzera mu zakudya komanso chowonjezera . Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Kodi potaziyamu imakhala yotani?

Potaziyamu ochepa amakhala ndi potaziyamu wamagazi osakwana 3.5 mEq / L; pansi pa 2.5 mEq / L zitha kupha moyo. Mulingo woyenera wa potaziyamu, kwa anthu ambiri, amakhala pakati pa 3.5 ndi 5.0 mEq pa lita (mEq / L), malinga ndi Zosintha zamankhwala za 2018 . Chilichonse choposa 5.0 mEq / L chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chapamwamba, ndipo milingo yoposa 6.0 ikhoza kukhala yowopsa ndipo ingafune thandizo lachipatala mwachangu.

Chidziwitso: Hypokalemia siachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso.

Anthu ambiri samapita kwa dokotala pamlingo wotsika wa potaziyamu kapena chifukwa amaganiza kuti ndi hypokalemic. Kawirikawiri, imadziwika mukamagwira ntchito yamagazi chifukwa muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena, monga matenda a adrenal, kapena mukamagwira ntchito labu nthawi zonse, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira ngati mutenga diuretic.

Zizindikiro zina za potaziyamu wochepa ndi ziti?

Anthu ambiri samakhala ndi vuto lililonse la hypokalemia mpaka itakula, ndipo potaziyamu yagwera pansi pa 3.0 mEq / L.

Anthu omwe alibe kuchepa kwa potaziyamu amatha kukhala ndi izi:

• Kudzimbidwa
• Minofu kufooka
• Kutopa
• Kumverera kwakukulu kwa malaise

Zizindikiro zazikulu za kuchepa kwa potaziyamu ndi monga:

• Kupindika kwa minofu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Minofu kufooka
• Kufa ziwalo
• Nyimbo zosadziwika bwino zam'mimba kapena palpitations
• Mavuto a impso
• Kutaya njala, nseru, ndi kusanza
• Kutupa ndi kudzimbidwa
• Kutopa
• Kujambula kapena dzanzi
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kukomoka

Kodi hypokalemia imapezeka bwanji?

Potaziyamu wotsika si matenda mwa iwo wokha, koma ndi chizindikiro cha vuto kapena matenda. Pakapezeka potaziyamu wochepa, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mayeso owonjezera kuti mudziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa. Kuyezetsa magazi kwina kungayang'anire shuga, magnesium, calcium, sodium, phosphorous, mahomoni a chithokomiro, ndi aldosterone. Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa zamagetsi (EKG) kuti muwone zamagetsi mumtima mwanu.

Pali zolinga zinayi zoyambirira pochiza potaziyamu yotsika:

• Kuchepetsa potaziyamu zotayika
• Kubwezeretsanso potaziyamu
• Kuwunika koopsa kwa poizoni
• Kukhazikitsa chifukwa, kuteteza magawo amtsogolo

Ndikofunikanso kuthana ndi zovuta zamankhwala kapena kuthetsa vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kumwa mopitilira muyeso kumayambitsa matenda a hypokalemia, ndiye kuti kuthana ndi zosowa zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe amadzimadzi ziyenera kukhala gawo la mapulani azachiritso. Ngati wodwala akufunikira diuretic, dokotala wawo akhoza kukambirana m'malo mwake omwe amalola potaziyamu kukhalabe mthupi (potaziyamu-osalekerera diuretic) kapena atha kupereka mankhwala a potaziyamu tsiku lililonse.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi potaziyamu yotsika kwambiri, dokotala atha kulangiza kulandira mankhwala kudzera m'mitsempha.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa potaziyamu yochepa?

Ngakhale potaziyamu ndi michere yomwe timapeza kuchokera pachakudya, zakudya zokha sizimayambitsa matenda a hypokalemia. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hypokalemia ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chosowa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Kusanza pafupipafupi kapena kutsegula m'mimba (kuphatikizapo bulimia kapena nkhanza)
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• Kumwa mowa wambiri
• Zakudya zoperewera ndi zina kuperewera kwa zakudya , monga kuchepa kwa magnesium kapena folic acid
• Matenda a adrenal, monga matenda a Cushing
• Matenda a impso
• Matenda osowa, monga matenda a Liddle, Bartter's, Gitelman
• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Matenda otupa
• Anthu omwe ali ndi pica (makamaka akadya dongo, chifukwa dothi limamanga potaziyamu m'mimba ndipo limatha kuyambitsa kutulutsa kwa potaziyamu)
• Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala ena, monga okodzetsa

Mankhwala othandizira hypokalemia

Mankhwala ena ingayambitsenso potaziyamu otsika, kuphatikizapo:

• Okodzetsa: Pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwe amatenga okodzetsa ali ndi vuto la potaziyamu chifukwa chowonjezeka pokodza. Ma diuretics, kapena mapiritsi amadzi, amatha kuperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulephera kwa mtima, komanso matenda a impso. Okodzetsa ndiwo omwe amayambitsa hypokalemia.
• Mankhwala otsekemera: Laxatives imatha kutulutsa potaziyamu chopondapo.
• Beta-adrenergic agonist mankhwala: Bronchodilators, steroids, kapena theophylline (yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphumu, emphysema, ndi COPD) imatha kukhudza potaziyamu wa seramu ndi magazi m'magazi.
• Maantibayotiki ena: Mlingo waukulu, maantibayotiki ena amatha kuwonjezera potaziyamu kudzera mu impso.
• Insulini: Kuchuluka kwa insulin, yomwe imatha kuchizaHyperosmolarMatenda osokoneza bongoNonketotic Syndrome(HHNS), vuto lowopsa lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi,Nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi potaziyamu yolowa mkati.

Kodi potaziyamu yochepa ndi yoopsa?

Hypokalemia imathandizira, kapena kuyambitsa zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Miyala ya impso
• Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mchere
• Kulekerera kwa glucose ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2
• Kutulutsa kwamikodzo kashiamu
• Kuzindikira kwa mchere

Magawo otsika kwambiri a potaziyamu amatha kuyambitsa matenda ena, monga vuto la mtima, ndipo amatha kuyimitsa mtima wanu.

ZOKHUDZA: Zizindikiro za 13 zamavuto amtima woyenera kuda nkhawa

Momwe mungakwezere potaziyamu

Pakakhala hypokalemia pang'ono, potaziyamu imatha kusinthasintha pakangodutsa masiku ochepa mutayamba kuwonjezera kudya kwa potaziyamu. Kuonetsetsa kuti mumadya zakudya zokwanira za potaziyamu tsiku lililonse kungathandize kukulitsa ndi kukhala ndi potaziyamu wathanzi. Malinga ndi National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, ndi Mankhwala (NASEM) ndi:

• Akuluakulu athanzi: 3,400 mg patsiku amuna, 2,600 azimayi (azaka 19 kapena kupitirira)
• Achinyamata azaka 14 mpaka 18 zakubadwa: 3,000 mg wamwamuna, 2,300 mg wamkazi
• Ana azaka 9 mpaka 13: 2,500 mg wamwamuna, 2,300 mg wamkazi
• Ana azaka 4 mpaka 8: 2,300 mg wamwamuna, 2,300 mg wamkazi
• Ana azaka 1 mpaka 3: 2,000 mg wa amuna ndi akazi
• Ana azaka zapakati pa 7 mpaka 12 miyezi: 860 mg ya amuna ndi akazi
• Kubadwa kwa miyezi 6: 400 mg ya amuna ndi akazi

Zakudya za potaziyamu

Zakudya zisanu zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu kwambiri ndi izi:

Chakudya chokhala ndi potaziyamu	Kutumikira kukula	Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu	Peresenti yamtengo wapatali tsiku lililonse *
Ma apurikoti owuma	½ chikho	1,101 mg	32.3% -42.3%
Zophika mphodza	1 chikho	731 mg	21.5% -28.1%
Maluwa owuma	½ chikho	699 mg	20.5% -26.8%
Mashed acash sikwashi	1 chikho	644 mg	18.9% -24.7%
Zoumba	½ chikho	618 mg	18.1% -23.7%

* Akuluakulu

Zakudya zina za potaziyamu ndi monga:

• Mbatata zophika
• Nyemba za impso
• Ma malalanje / madzi a lalanje
• Soya
• Nthochi
• Zolemba
• Nthambi
• Kaloti
• Mkaka
• Chiponde
• Salimoni
• Sipinachi
• Tomato
• Tirigu nyongolosi

Zowonjezera potaziyamu

Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera potaziyamu mwachangu ndikutenga potaziyamu yowonjezera, yomwe yambiri imapezeka pompopompo, akuti Linda Girgis , MD, dokotala wovomerezeka pabanja wodziyimira payokha ku South River, New Jersey. Mulingo ukafika pamlingo woyenera, mutha kusiya kuwonjezera ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu kudzera pazakudya.

Kutenga zowonjezera, komabe, kumatha kukhala koopsa. Zowonjezera potaziyamu zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazing'ono zam'mimba kapena potaziyamu wambiri.

Kukhala ndi potaziyamu wokwera kwambiri kumatha kukhala kowopsa monganso kutsika kwambiri. Zonsezi zitha kubweretsa matenda amtima komanso mavuto ena, atero Dr. Girgis. Ndibwino kuti mugwire ntchito ndi dokotala mukamwa zowonjezera kuti ma potaziyamu anu ayang'anitsidwe kuti muwone ngati ali otetezeka.

Zowonjezera pa-counter-counter sizingakhale zokwanira ngati potaziyamu yanu ndiyotsika kwambiri.FDA imachepetsa zowonjezera mpaka potaziyamu 100 mg ya potaziyamu, yomwe ndi gawo lochepa chabe la chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku. Madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala othandizira potaziyamu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hypokalemia.

Palinso mitundu ingapo yama potaziyamu othandizira:

• Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake
• Potaziyamu citrate
• Potaziyamu mankwala
• Bicarbonate ya potaziyamu
• Aspartate ya potaziyamu

Zingakhale zovuta kudziwa mtundu wa potaziyamu wabwino kwambiri kwa inu. Potassium chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa anthu omwe alibe potaziyamu, malinga ndi Dr. Girgis, Potaziyamu mankwala ndi othandiza ngati wodwalayo alinso ndi phosphate. Ngati wodwala amakonda miyala ya impso, potaziyamu citrate imatha kukhala yothandiza chifukwa citrate imatha kulumikizana ndi calcium mumkodzo, kuteteza kupangika kwa kristalo. Amalangiza kuti mupite kuchipatala musanamwe mankhwala owonjezera.