Zotsatira za Metformin ndi momwe mungapewere

Zambiri Zamankhwala

Metformin ndi mankhwala odana ndi matenda ashuga (omwe amadziwika kuti biguanide) omwe madokotala amapereka kuti athetse matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 komanso ma prediabetes. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa magazi m'magazi ndikubwezeretsanso kuyankha kwa thupi ku insulin. Metformin amathanso kuchiza matenda a polycystic ovary (PCOS). Mayina odziwika a metformin amaphatikizapo Glucophage , Chitipa, Nthabwala , ndi Riomet.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 ndi PCOS ndimatenda wamba, aliwonse amakhala ndi milandu yoposa 200,000 ku US chaka chilichonse. Mamiliyoni akulu ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, malinga ndi chidziwitso cha CDC pagulu lazaumoyo.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi vuto lililonse, mwayi, metformin ndi njira yothandizira kwa inu. Kuphunzira za zotsatira za metformin, machenjezo, ndi kuyanjana ndichinthu choyamba chothandiza kuti mumvetsetse bwino za mankhwalawa.

Kodi metformin ndi chiyani?

Metformin amatchulidwa kawirikawiri kuti athandize anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amayamba chifukwa cha kukana kwa insulin kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti thupi silimayankha bwino insulin. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda ashuga khalani ndi hyperglycemia (shuga wambiri wamagazi). Metformin imagwira ntchito pochepetsa kutulutsa shuga m'chiwindi komanso pochepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'thupi, zonsezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Amakhulupiliranso kuti metformin imapangitsa chidwi cha insulin, chomwe chimathandiza kutsitsa shuga.

Metformin amathanso kulembedwa kuti asachiritse polycystic ovary syndrome ( Ma PC ), vuto lomwe lingayambitse kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa milingo ya insulini ndipo mwina kusintha chonde .

Zotsatira zoyipa za metformin

Kuphunzira za zotsatira zoyipa za metformin ndikofunikira monganso kuphunzira za maubwino ake. Mofanana ndi mankhwala aliwonse, nthawi zonse pamakhala zoopsa. Izi ndi zina mwazimene zimayambitsa zotsatira za metformin:

• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Nseru
• Kukhumudwa m'mimba
• Kukoma kwachitsulo mkamwa
• Kusanza
• Kudzikweza
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kutaya njala
• Kutentha pa chifuwa
• Kuphulika
• Tsokomola
• Kugona
• Kudzimbidwa
• Mutu
• Kupweteka kapena kuvuta kovuta
• Asthenia
• Kuchepetsa mavitamini B12

Kodi metformin imayambitsa kutaya thupi?

Chomwe chimakhala chodetsa nkhawa metformin ndikuti chimayambitsa kuchepa thupi. Ngakhale zitha kupangitsa kuti muchepetse thupi posintha momwe thupi limasungira mafuta, izi sizitanthauza kuti aliyense amene amamwa mankhwalawa achepetsa thupi, kapena kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuti muchepetse kunenepa.

Kodi zotsatira za metformin zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Zotsatira zoyipa zimayamba mukayamba kumwa metformin. Kwa anthu ena, zotsatirapo zake zimatha posachedwa thupi lawo litazolowera mankhwala. Kwa ena, zovuta zimatha kapena kuwonjezeka. Anthu ambiri amatenga metformin kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake ngati zovuta sizitha, zimatha kuwononga nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zina za metformin zimatha kupita osadziwika , choncho kupimidwa pafupipafupi ndikofunikira.

Zotsatira zoyipa za metformin

Metformin imalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina, zoyipa zazitali. Zotsatira zoyipa zina zoyambitsidwa ndi metformin ndizowopsa ndipo zimafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi, funsani a zamankhwala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kutopa
• Kugona kwachilendo
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono kapena kosasinthasintha
• Kupepuka kapena chizungulire

Kutenga metformin kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zazitali. Metformin imatha kukhudza kuthekera kwa thupi kuyamwa vitamini B12 ndikupangitsa kuchepa kwa vitamini B12. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti anthu omwe amatenga metformin apite kukayezetsa magazi pafupipafupi kuti awone kuchuluka kwa vitamini B12.

Ngakhale ndizosowa, metformin imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Zizindikiro zosafunikira zimaphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, kutupa kwa nkhope kapena manja, ndi kutupa khungu. Muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mukukumana ndi vuto linalake.

Lactic acidosis

Kutenga metformin kumatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu lotchedwalactic acidosis, yomwe imakhala ndi lactic acid m'magazi ambiri. Lactic acidosis imatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa ndipo nthawi zambiri imafunikira kuchipatala. Kumwa mowa kwambiri mukakhala pa metformin kumatha kuonjezera chiwopsezo chotenga lactic acidosis. Zizindikiro za lactic acidosis ndi monga:

• Chizungulire kapena kupepuka
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kufooka kwambiri kapena kutopa
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono
• Kutuluka khungu
• Kuchepetsa chilakolako
• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba

Ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta zoyipa mutatenga metformin, ndibwino kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Akupatsani upangiri wazomwe mungachite kenako, ndipo angakuuzeni kuti musiye kumwa metformin.

Machenjezo a Metformin

Metformin si mankhwala oyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba. Kawirikawiri zimawoneka ngati zabwino kwa ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 kapena prediabetes, bola ngati dokotala angavomereze, koma miyezo imasiyana. Kwa achikulire azaka zopitilira 80, metformin ndi zotchulidwa mosamala pamlanduwu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi zovuta chifukwa chotenga metformin. Aliyense amene ali ndi vuto la mtima wosafooka, impso zosagwira bwino, chiwindi chofooka, kapena matenda ashuga ketoacidosis sayenera kumwa metformin.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto amwazi, mavuto a impso, matenda a impso, matenda a chiwindi, kapena kupuma amayenera kusamala akamamwa metformin. Kukhala ndi izi komanso kutenga metformin kumatha kuyambitsa metformin kukhala yosagwira kapena kuyambitsa zovuta zina zathanzi, monga lactic acidosis.Vutoli limayambitsa kuchuluka kwa lactic acid m'magazi ndipo imatha kupha.

Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti metformin itha kukhala ndi zoopsa zomwe zimapitilira zovuta zina. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ikufufuza ngati metformin ili ndi ziphuphu , ndi a Phunziro la 2018 akuwonetsa kuti metformin imatha kuchepetsa zabwino zina zolimbitsa thupi kwa achikulire.

Pakadali pano, nthano zina za metformin zachotsedwa. Ena amaganiza kuti metformin imayambitsa matenda amisala koma a kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu February 2019 adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda amisala.

Ngakhale metformin sagwira ntchito kwa anthu ena, machenjezowa sayenera kutsutsa mfundo yakuti imathandizabe anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kusamalira thanzi lawo.

Kuyanjana kwa Metformin

Mankhwala ena amatha kupangitsa metformin kukhala yovuta kapena yoyipa.

Mwachitsanzo, kumwa metformin yokhala ndi insulin yotulutsa mapiritsi kapena insulin kumatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika magazi), malinga ndi Malo Ophunzitsira Matenda A shuga ku Yunivesite ya California . Anthu ambiri omwe amatenga metformin adzafunika kuwunika magazi awo mosamala. Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kunjenjemera, kusokonezeka, kutopa, ndi kukomoka.

Metformin imatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena, kuphatikiza ma diuretic, mankhwala a steroid, mankhwala ena a chithokomiro, njira zakulera zam'kamwa, komanso njira ya calcium yotsekereza mankhwala ngati nifedipine, atero a Chirag Shah, MD, komanso omwe adayambitsa nawo Kankhirani Thanzi , nsanja yazaumoyo yapaintaneti. Chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwamankhwala osiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuunikanso mankhwala omwe wodwalayo ali nawo musanapereke metformin.

Kupanga mndandanda wazowonjezera zonse zomwe mumamwa ndikugawana ndi dokotala kukuthandizani kupewa zovuta zomwe zingabwere chifukwa chotenga metformin ndi chinthu china.

Mankhwala otsatirawa atha kulumikizana molakwika ndi metformin:

• Mankhwala a Quinolone
• Odzetsa okodzetsa
• Kutumiza
• Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa pamaso pa MRIs, X-Rays, kapena CT scan
• Mowa
• Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito zotupa (NSAIDs)
• Steroid mankhwala
• Mankhwala a chithokomiro

Dokotala kapena dokotala wina akhoza kukupatsani mndandanda wathunthu wa mankhwala omwe sagwirizana bwino ndi metformin.

Momwe mungapewere zotsatira zoyipa za metformin

1. Tengani mankhwala osasinthasintha

Ndibwino kutsatira malangizo a opanga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa kuti muchepetse mwayi wokumana ndi zovuta za metformin. Odwala ambiri amatenga metformin iliyonseMaola 12. Kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo woyenera nthawi yoyenera kungathandize kuchepetsa mavuto.

Mlingo woyenera wa metformin wa akulu ndi 1000 mg yomwe imamwedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya. Kutenga metforminndi chakudyaitha kuthandizira kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zam'mimba. Kusowa kapena kudumpha mlingo wa metformin kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto.

2. Sinthani moyo wanu ndi kadyedwe kanu

Kusintha kwa moyo ndi chinthu china chofunikira pakuwongolera mtundu wa 2 shuga kapena prediabetes. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumatha zimakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2. Zakudya zina monga shuga woyengedwa, mowa, ndi mafuta a hydrogenated zimatha kuyambitsa shuga wambiri, chifukwa chake kupewa kungakhale kopindulitsa.

Kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikungakhale njira ina yathunthu ya metformin, komabe atha kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino. Njira yabwino yochepetsera mwayi wanu wopeza zovuta mukamamwa metformin ndikulankhula ndi dokotala.

3. Fufuzani njira zina

Pali njira zina zomwe mungapangire metformin kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi lomwe limawalepheretsa kuti atenge metformin, kapena kwa iwo omwe sangathe kutenga metformin chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 atha kupindula ndi SGLT2 inhibitors, mankhwala a GLP1, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, gliptins, kapena pioglitazone.

Kulankhula ndi dokotala ndiyo njira yabwino yophunzirira zamankhwala ena omwe atha kukhala oyenera kutengera mbiri yanu yazachipatala komanso zizindikiritso zanu.

Metformin motsutsana. metformin ER

Metformin ndi metformin yotulutsidwa (ER) ndi mankhwala omwewo, koma odwala samatenga metformin ER pafupipafupi. ER imayimira kutulutsa kwina, kutanthauza kuti thupi limatenga metformin ER pang'onopang'ono kuposa metformin wamba. Mankhwala onsewa amathandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 komanso ma prediabetes kuwongolera magawo awo ashuga amwazi.

Metformin, nthawi zina amatchedwa metformin yomweyo-release (IR), nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kawiri patsiku. Metformin ER imatengedwa mobwerezabwereza, kamodzi patsiku. Mlingo woyenera wa metformin ER wa akulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 ndi 1000-2000 mg. Anthu ena angafunike kutenga metformin ER kawiri tsiku lililonse. Katswiri wa zamankhwala amatha kudziwa izi mwanjira iliyonse.

Metformin ER ndiye mtundu wa dzina lenileni Glucophage XR . Odwala omwe amakhumudwa m'mimba ndi metformin wokhazikika amatha kusinthana ndi Metformin ER, yomwe imalolera bwino.Tengani metformin ER monga mwalangizidwa ndi dokotala wanu. Madokotala ena amalimbikitsa kutenga metformin ER kamodzi m'mawa ndi kadzutsa kapena madzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Kutenga metformin ERndi chakudyaZitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa mavuto azovuta monga kukhumudwa m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba.

Metformin motsutsana. Zotsatira za metformin ER

Mofananamo ndi metformin, zotsatira za metformin ER zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Nseru
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kutentha pa chifuwa
• Mutu
• Kukoma kwachitsulo mkamwa
• Kutopa
• Mitu yopepuka
• Kupweteka kwa minofu kapena zowawa
• Kugunda kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kosasinthasintha

Monga metformin, metformin ER imatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis.

Katswiri wazachipatala atha kupereka mndandanda wathunthu wazovuta. Njira yabwino yophunzirira zambiri zamatenda a metformin ndi metformin ER ndikulankhula ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo.