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Ziwerengero zakukhumudwa 2021

Nkhani

Matenda akulu achikulire (MDD), omwe amadziwika kuti kukhumudwa kwamankhwala, ndi amodzi mwamatenda ofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupangitsa munthu kukhala wachisoni komanso kukhumudwa nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda ophatikizana pamodzi ndi matenda ena komanso / kapena matenda amisala.

Kodi kuvutika maganizo ndi chiyani?

Zizindikiro zowonekera kwambiri za kukhumudwa kwakukulu kukhumudwa kwakukulu komanso kosalekeza, chisoni chachikulu, kapena kukhumudwa. Gawo lalikulu lachisoni (MDE) ndi nthawi yomwe imadziwika ndi zizindikilo zakukhumudwa kwakukulu.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways limatanthauzira gawo lalikulu lokhumudwitsa monga kukhala ndi nkhawa kapena kutaya chidwi kapena chisangalalo m'zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, limodzi ndi mavuto akugona, kudya, mphamvu, kusinkhasinkha, kapena kudzidalira kwamasabata awiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Kutayika mwadzidzidzi kapena kusintha kumatha kukulitsa zizindikilo zomwe zidalipo kale za kukhumudwa kapena nkhawa, akuti Yesel Yoon , Ph.D., katswiri wama psychology wokhala ku New York.Magawo okhumudwitsa amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi imfa ya wokondedwa, kutha kwa ntchito, kutha kwa ntchito, kupsinjika kwachuma, matenda, komanso vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pazomwe zimayambitsa.

Matenda okhumudwa amakhudza anthu posintha magwiridwe antchito m'malo ambiri amoyo wawo, akutero a Yoon. Momwemonso, kugona kwa anthu, njala, kusinkhasinkha, kusinthasintha, mphamvu, thanzi, komanso kukhala pagulu zimatha kusintha kwambiri chifukwa cha zipsinjo. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa amafotokoza zakulephera kutuluka pabedi, opanda chidwi kapena mphamvu yochitira zinthu zomwe amachita, ndikumva kukwiya kapena kumva chisoni. Zonsezi zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta kwambiri.

Kodi kuvutika maganizo ndi kofala motani?

Anthu opitilira 264 miliyoni akuvutika ndi nkhawa padziko lonse lapansi. (World Health Organisation, 2020)
Matenda okhumudwa ndi omwe amatsogolera kwambiri olumala padziko lapansi. (World Health Organisation, 2020)
Matenda a Neuropsychiatric ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azilemala ku US omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lachisokonezo. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2013)

Ziwerengero zakukhumudwa ku America

Akuluakulu 17.3 miliyoni (7.1% mwa anthu achikulire) akhala ndi mmodzigawo lalikulu lokhumudwitsa. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017)
Mwa iwo omwe ali ndi zovuta zazikulu, 63.8% ya achikulire ndi 70.77% ya achinyamata anali ndi vuto lalikulu. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017)
Amayi ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa amuna kukhala ndi vuto lakukhumudwa (Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda, 2017)
Magawo akulu okhumudwitsa anali ofala kwambiri pakati pa akulu (11.3%) ndi achinyamata (16.9%) omwe amafotokoza mitundu iwiri kapena kupitilira apo. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017)

Ziwerengero zakukhumudwa ndi msinkhu

Achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 12 mpaka 17 anali ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri (14.4%) zotsatiridwa ndi achikulire 18 mpaka 25 azaka (13.8%). (Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Mental Health Services Association, 2018)
Okalamba okalamba a 50 kapena kupitilira anali ndi ziwonetsero zochepa kwambiri (4.5%). (Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Mental Health Services Association, 2018)
Akuluakulu 11.5 miliyoni anali ndi vuto lalikulu lokhumudwitsidwa ndi vuto lalikulu mchaka chatha cha 2018. (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association, 2018)
Kukhumudwa kwakukulu pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji kudakwera kuchokera ku 9.4% mpaka 21.1% kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2018. ( Zolemba pa Zaumoyo Wachinyamata , 2019)
Kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwapakatikati mpaka kwakukulu kudakwera kuchokera ku 23.2% mpaka 41.1% kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2018. ( Zolemba pa Zaumoyo Wachinyamata , 2019)

Ziwerengero za kukhumudwa pambuyo pobereka

Matenda a postpartum ndi kupsinjika mtima komwe mayi amakumana nako posachedwa pobereka, komwe kumachitika miyezi itatu mpaka chaka atabereka. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni, kusintha kwa moyo, komanso kutopa kwa makolo.

Pafupifupi 70% mpaka 80% ya amayi amakumana ndi zovuta zamwana zomwe zimadziwika ndikumverera kolakwika kapena kusinthasintha kwakubadwa. (Association of Pregnancy Association, 2015)
10% mpaka 20% ya amayi atsopano amakumana ndi zovuta zamankhwala atatha kubereka. (Arizona Behavioral Health Associates, PC, Flagstaff Psychologists & Aphungu)
Amayi amodzi (1) mwa amayi asanu ndi awiri (7) aliwonseatha kukhala ndi PPD pasanathe chaka chobadwa. ( JAMA Psychiatry , 2013)
Kukhumudwa kwa abambo kuyambira 24% mpaka 50% mwa amuna omwe anali ndi zibwenzi ndi vuto la postpartum. ( Zolemba za Nursing Advanced, 2004)
Amayi omwe ali ndi mbiri yakukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kapena zovuta zamatenda aliZowonjezera 30% mpaka 35%kukhala ndi vuto la postpartum. (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2013)

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi mungamwe mankhwala opatsirana pogonana mukakhala ndi pakati?

Ziwerengero zakukhumudwa patchuthi

Ngakhale nyengo ya tchuthi m'mwezi wa Novembala ndi Disembala imawoneka ngati yosangalatsa, izi sizowona kwa aliyense. Ena amakhala ndi zodandaula m'miyezi imeneyi.

Kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kumawonjezeka munyengo yatchuthi ya 38% ya anthu. (American Psychological Association, 2006)
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala, 64% amafotokoza kuti tchuthi zimawonjezera zizindikiritso zawo. (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014)
Mwa iwo omwe akuti akumva zachisoni kapena osakhutira patchuthi, opitilira awiri mwa atatu mwa iwo amadzimva kuti ali ndi mavuto azachuma komanso / kapena osungulumwa. (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014)

ZOKHUDZA: Malangizo pakuthana ndi kukhumudwa patchuthi

Kudzipha komanso kukhumudwa

Awiri mwa atatu mwa anthu omwe amadzipha amakhala ndi nkhawa. (American Association of Suicidology, 2009)
Mwa iwo omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa, 1% ya akazi ndi 7% ya amuna amadzipha. (American Association of Suicidology, 2009)
Chiwopsezo chodzipha chimakhala chokulirapo nthawi 20 pakati pa omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu poyerekeza ndi omwe alibe kukhumudwa kwakukulu. (American Association of Suicidology, 2009)
Kudzipha ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 19. (Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda, 2017)
Malipoti a kuyesera kudzipha pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji adakwera kuchoka pa 0.7% mpaka 1.8% kuchokera 2013 mpaka 2018. ( Zolemba pa Zaumoyo Wachinyamata , 2019)

Nyuzipepala ya National Network of Depression Disorders ili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zingathandize iwo omwe akumana ndi kukhumudwa kapena malingaliro ofuna kudzipha. Nawa othandizira ena othandizira ndi ma foni:

Malo othandizira othandizira azaumoyo
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Njira Yodzitetezera Kudzipha kapena itanani 1-800-273-8255
National Alliance on Mental Health HelpLine kapena itanani 1-800-950-6264

Kuchiza kukhumudwa

Psychotherapy, mankhwala akuchipatala, kapena kuphatikiza zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kukhumudwa.

Palinso njira zochiritsira zosakanikirana kapena zothandizira, zomwe zapezeka kuti ndizothandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo zakukhumudwa, atero Yoon. Izi zikuphatikiza mankhwala opepuka, mavitamini kapena zowonjezera mavitamini, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusinkhasinkha mwamaganizidwe, ndi mitundu ina yamankhwala yolembera.

Mwa iwo omwe anali ndi vuto lalikulu lachisoni, achikulire azaka 50 kapena kupitilira anali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chambiri kwambiri pakukhumudwa (78.9%). (Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Mental Health Services Association, 2018)
Achinyamata azaka za 12 mpaka 17 anali ndi chithandizo chotsikitsitsa (41.4%). (Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Mental Health Services Association, 2018)
Pafupifupi achikulire 25 miliyoni ku US akhala akumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri, kuwonjezeka kwa 60% kuyambira 2010. (American Pharmacist Association, 2018)
Azimayi ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa amuna. (Bungwe la American Psychological Association, 2017)

ZOKHUDZA: Chithandizo cha kukhumudwa ndi mankhwala