FDA ivomereza Ervebo, katemera woyamba wa Ebola

Nkhani

Pogwirizana ndi mbiri yakale, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yalengeza zakupereka chiphaso cha Ervebo, katemera woyamba wa Ebola padziko lonse lapansi kuti ateteze ndikuteteza ku matenda a Ebola (EVD).

Ebola ndi chiyani?

Ebola ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Imafalikira kudzera pakukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi, madzi amthupi, ndi minyewa ya nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kapena anthu-ndipo imatha kupatsidwanso kudzera pakakhudzana ndi malo ndi zinthu (monga zofunda kapena zovala) zomwe zili ndi madzi. Kachilomboka kamakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka 21 (makamaka masiku asanu ndi atatu mpaka 10). Kenako, kuyamba kwa zizindikilo kumatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi ndikuphatikizira malungo, kutopa, kupweteka kwa minofu, mutu, ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Zizindikirozi zimatsatiridwa ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, zidzolo, impso zosagwira ndi chiwindi, ndipo nthawi zina kutuluka magazi mkati ndi kunja.

Matenda a Ebola adadziwitsidwa ndi anthu aku America pambuyo pa buku logulitsa kwambiri la Richard Preston, Malo Otentha , linafalitsidwa mu 1994 — lolemba za chiyambi ndi zochitika za matenda a Ebola kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Koma EVD yatsimikizira kuti miliri yakhala ikuvutitsa anthu kuyambira ma 1970. Malinga ndi a FDA, kuphulika ku Guinea, Liberia, ndi Sierra Leone (komwe kudachitika kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2016) kudadzetsa milandu yopitilira 28,000 ya EVD komanso anthu opitilira 11,000. Pakadali pano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ikukumana ndi mliri wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa EVD.

Kodi pali katemera wa Ebola?

Matenda a Ebola ndi osowa koma owopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha omwe sadziwa malire, a Peter Marks, MD, Ph.D., director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, in a a kutulutsa nkhani . Katemera ndiofunika kuti tipewe kuphulika komanso kuletsa kufala kwa Ebola pakabuka.

Ndipo ndipamene Ervebo amabwera. Katemera wa Ebola - yemwe amapangidwa ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala Merck & Co., Inc. - amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni wa kamodzi. Ndi katemera wamoyo, wotsitsika yemwe adapangidwa kuti akhale ndi protein kuchokera ku Zaire ebolavirus.

Kupanga katemera wa Ebola

Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito katemera wa Ebola idayamba mu 2004, koma sizidachitika pomwe miliri idayamba kuchitika mchaka cha 2010 pomwe njira yowunika ndikuvomerezera Ervebo inali yofunika kwambiri.

Mu 2018, World Health Organisation (WHO) idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito Ervebo ngati chithandizo pambuyo poti a FDA apereka katemera wa Breakthrough Therapy. Izi zidathandizira kupititsa patsogolo ndikuwunika kwasayansi za mankhwalawo ndikuloleza kuti katemerayu agwiritsidwe ntchito pulogalamu yowonjezera yowonjezera kuthandiza kuthana ndi mliri wa DRC.

Pakafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 2014-2016 kuphulika ku Guinea, Ervebo adatsimikiza kukhala wothandiza 100% popewa milandu ya Ebola yomwe imayamba kudwala patadutsa masiku 10 atalandira katemera. Chitetezo cha Ervebo chidaphunziridwa mwa odwala 15,000 ku Africa, Europe, ndi North America. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zinali zakusowa kwa jakisoni, mutu, malungo, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi kutopa.

Koma zindikirani, Ervebo amangothandiza polimbana ndi vuto la Ebola la Zaire - malinga ndi Merck.

Ndipo tsopano, katemerayo wavomerezedwa kuti apewe matenda a Ebola (EVD), oyambitsidwa ndi Zaire ebolavirus mwa anthu azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo. Asanavomerezedwe, katemera wa kachilombo ka Ebola atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa mavuto, monga kuphulika kwaposachedwa, atero Dr. John Dye, wamkulu wa ma immunology ku US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases.

Ndi chivomerezo chake, Ervebo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera yothandiza kuletsa kuphulika kosayamba kuchitika, m'malo mongokhoza kuyankha akachitika.

Kuvomereza kwamasiku ano ndi gawo lofunikira pakulimbana kwathu ndi Ebola mogwirizana ndi anzathu ku US department of Health and Human Services, komanso anzathu apadziko lonse lapansi, monga World Health Organisation, Anna Abram, Wachiwiri kwa Commissioner wa FDA Ndondomeko, Malamulo, ndi Zochitika Padziko Lonse, ikutero munyuzipepala. Ntchitoyi, kuphatikizapo kuvomereza kwapadera masiku ano, ikuwonetsa kudzipereka kosagwedezeka kwa FDA kugwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wathu kuti tikwaniritse chitukuko ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala azachipatala otetezeka komanso othandiza kuthana ndi zosowa zaumoyo wa anthu komanso kulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana.

Kodi katemera wa Ebola adzapezeka liti?

Malinga ndi zomwe a Merck atulutsa, mankhwala a katemera wa Ebola atha kukhala atakonzeka pofika chaka cha 2020. Kampani yopanga mankhwala idzagwira ntchito ndi World Health Organisation, UNICEF, boma la US, ndi Gavi (Vaccine Alliance) kuti adziwe njira zogawa katemera.