Kodi mliri ndi chiyani?

Nkhani Zaumoyo Zofotokozedwa

ZOCHITIKA ZA CORONAVIRUS: Akatswiri akamaphunzira zambiri za coronavirus yatsopano, nkhani komanso kusintha kwazidziwitso. Zatsopano pa mliri wa COVID-19, chonde pitani ku Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda .

Mliri ndi mawu owopsa. Chotsani zilembo zochepa chabe ndipo mwatsala ndi mantha-malongosoledwe oyenera am'mene dziko lapansi likumvera za chatsopano kachilombo ka corona yomwe idatuluka kumapeto kwa chaka chatha ku Wuhan, China. Kachilombo katsopano kameneka, kotchedwa SARS-CoV-2, tsopano kakuwopseza thanzi lapadziko lonse lapansi, kukufalikira m'makontinenti komanso kudera lonse. Imayambitsa matenda opuma otchedwa coronavirus matenda 2019, kapena COVID-19.

Kodi mliri ndi chiyani?

KU mliri ndiko kufalikira kwa matenda atsopano ofika m'malire a nyanja ndi nyanja, lipoti la World Health Organization (WHO). Mliri umayambitsidwa ndi ma virus omwe anthu sanakumanepo nawo kale (ambiri amachokera ku nyama) kapena bacteria yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki. Mliri sikuyenera kuti ufike kumayiko onse padziko lapansi (ngakhale ambiri amatero, chifukwa chaulendo wapadziko lonse). Iwo chitani zimakhudza anthu ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'makontinenti awiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Ma Coronaviruses siachilendo ayi, chifukwa ena amachititsa chimfine. Koma, vuto lachilendo ladzetsa mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikupatsira anthu opitilira 100,000 m'maiko ambiri, kuyambira Iran mpaka Italy mpaka India. Ngati mukuganiza kuti izi zikuwoneka ngati mliri, simukhala nokha.

Pa Mar. 11, 2020, WHO idalengeza kuti COVID-19 mwadzidzidzi ndi mliri.

Mliri vs. mliri

Ngakhale miliri ndi miliri zimakhudza anthu ambiri, pali kusiyana. Mliri umachitika pamene matenda opatsirana (mwachitsanzo, fuluwenza, HIV, kapena Ebola) amafalikira mwachangu ndipo nthawi zina mwadzidzidzi kwa anthu ambiri - kuposa zomwe zimayembekezereka nthawi imeneyo komanso m'deralo, akufotokoza Msonkhano wa akatswiri pa matenda opatsirana ndi matenda . Mliri, komano, ndi mtundu wa mliri wochulukirapo, koma wosiyana. Poyerekeza ndi miliri, miliri:

• Zimakhudza anthu ambiri
• Khalani ndi kufalikira kwapadziko lonse
• Kuyambitsa imfa zambiri
• Phatikizani kachilombo katsopano kapena mabakiteriya osagwira maantibayotiki

Ndipo ngakhale zinthu monga khansa, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso ngakhale nkhanza za opioid nthawi zambiri amatchedwa miliri, mwaukadaulo sali chifukwa samayambitsidwa ndi matenda.

Zitsanzo za miliri

Miliri yakhalapo kwazaka zambiri — ndi zaka mazana ambiri. Imodzi mwa miliri yotchuka kwambiri inali mliri wa bubonic (kapena Black Death), womwe udachitika ku Middle Ages ndikupha mamiliyoni ambiri. Miliri ya m'zaka za zana la 20 makamaka idazungulira Mavairasi a chimfine yokhudzana ndi fuluwenza A ndikuphatikizira:

• Fuluwenza ya ku Spain ya 1918, yomwe idapha anthu 50 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi
• Fuluwenza yaku Asia ya 1957
• Fuluwenza ya Hong Kong ya 1968

Miliri yodziwika bwino yazaka za m'ma 2000 ikuphatikizapo:

• SARS (matenda oopsa a kupuma) : Mliriwu, womwe udayambitsidwa ndi matenda ena amtundu wa coronavirus, udayamba ku China mchaka cha 2002 ndipo udatha kudwala anthu opitilira 8,000 ku Asia, Europe, ndi North and South America. Ku United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) akuti, Anthu 115 ochokera kumayiko 29 adadwala ndi SARS.
• Vuto la H1N1 : Kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamene kamadziwikanso kuti nkhumba ya nkhumba - kanayamba kuonekera mu 2009 ndipo kanali kisanawonekepo m'zinyama kapena anthu. Kuyambira Epulo 2009 mpaka Epulo 2010, CDC ikuyerekeza 284,000 anthu padziko lonse adamwalira ndi H1N1. Mliri wa chimfine cha H1N1 ndi mliri wa fuluwenza womwe watchulidwa posachedwapa ku United States.
• HIV / Edzi ndi mliri wosalekeza. Mu 2018, pafupifupi anthu 38 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV / Edzi.

Kodi matenda a coronavirus ndi mliri?

Kuyambira pa Marichi 2020, WHO idasanja COVID-19 ngati mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndizowopsa kwambiri kuposa kachilombo ka chimfine, komabe, zomwe zimayambitsanso kufalikira kwa matenda ndipo nthawi zina zimafa koma (osati nyengo ino) zotsatira za kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.

COVID-19 ikuwoneka kuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri [kuposa fuluwenza], imafalikira mosavuta, ndipo imavuta kukhala nayo, popeza kufala kumachitika pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochepera kapena opanda matenda, akufotokozaJana Shaw, MD, pulofesa wothandizana ndi ana komanso matenda opatsirana ku Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital ku Syracuse, New York.

Momwe mungapulumutsire mliri

Palibe njira yabwino yolosera momwe virus yatsopano ngati SARS-CoV-2 ingasewere. Miliri imatha kupitilira miyezi mpaka zaka. Kuphulika kwa SARS, mwachitsanzo, kunapezeka m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. HIV / AIDS ikupitilizabe. Malinga ndi malipoti, nkhani za COVID-19 ku China ndi South Korea zikuwoneka kuti zikuchedwa ngakhale zikuchulukirachulukira kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Ena akuyembekeza kuti kachilomboka kangathe, monga chimfine ndi mavairasi ena, chifukwa nyengo yotentha ikuyandikira, koma akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo amachenjeza kuti pali zambiri zomwe sizikudziwika ndi kachilomboka katsopano, ndipo zitenga njira zozama komanso zosasinthasintha zaumoyo wa anthu (osati nyengo) kuti mukhale nayo.

Ndipo kuphulika kwa coronavirus kwatsopano kungapezeke bwanji? Maboma amayesetsa kuthana ndi miliri popereka zigawenga (dziko la Italy tsopano latsekedwa), kupereka mayeso opatsirana kuti athe kudziwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo, oletsa mayendedwe komanso kupanga katemera ngati kuli kotheka. Koma zonsezi zimatenga nthawi komanso mgwirizano. Kodi mungatani kuti muthandize dzitetezeni ku coronavirus iyi m'menemo?

COVID-19 ndi matenda omwe amafalikira kwambiri ngati fuluwenza ndi matenda ena opatsirana opuma-kudzera m'madontho omwe anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatulutsa akayetsemula kapena kutsokomola. Pulogalamu ya CDC amalimbikitsa:

• Kukhala kunyumba ngati ukudwala ndikupewa maulendo onse osafunikira.
• Kupewa kuyanjana ndi anthu ngati kuli kotheka (azaumoyo amalangiza kuti muchepetse osachepera 6 mapazi).
• Kuyika manja kutali ndi mphuno, pakamwa, ndi maso.
• Kusisita kapena kutsokomola mu thupilo (kenako ndikulitaya) kapena malaya pomwe minofu kulibe.
• Kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi ndi sopo komanso madzi kwa masekondi 20. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka mutagwiritsa ntchito bafa, musanadye, kapena mutayetsemula kapena kutsokomola. Gwiritsani ntchito zoyeretsera manja ndi mowa osachepera 60% pamene sopo ndi madzi kulibe.
• Pukutani malo olimba, monga matebulo, maloboti azitseko, ndi zina zambiri, tsiku lililonse. CDC imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochotsera m'nyumba nthawi zonse ndi madzi ndiyeno mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pulogalamu ya Malo Opangira Biocide Chemistries ali ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zitha kulimbana ndi ma coronavirus.
• Valani chophimba kumaso mukamapita panja komanso mozungulira ena.

Mukamayesetsa kupewa madontho, mudzakhala otetezeka kupewa matenda.