Chimfine ndi chiyani?

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Chimfine ndi chiyani? | Zizindikiro | Zovuta | Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? | Kutumiza | Chithandizo | Kupewa | Kupatsanso kachilomboka

Kugwa kulikonse, pokhalira pazinthu zobwerera kusukulu, kusesa masamba, ndikudya zonunkhira za maungu, mabanja ambiri aku America amayamba kuganizira za chimfine-ndi momwe angapewere. Ndipo chaka chino, izi ndizowona kuposa momwe asayansi achenjezera za twindemic ndi nyengo yodziwika ya chimfine yomwe ikumenya nthawi yomweyo mliri wa COVID-19.

Chaka chachilendo, mpaka 20% ya anthu azidwala chimfine, malinga ndi Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). Peak chimfine nyengo ndi Disembala mpaka February, koma zaka zina zimatha mpaka Meyi.

Kungoti zili pa radar yanu sizitanthauza kuti mukudziwa momwe kachilombo kamafalira kapena momwe mungayendetsere. Pazomwezi, zimathandiza kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe zimabwerera chaka chilichonse, zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ndi momwe mungachitire ndi zizindikilo.

Chimfine ndi chiyani?

Kachilombo ka fuluwenza, kamene kamatchedwa chimfine, ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kukhudza pakhosi, mphuno, komanso nthawi zina mapapo ndipo zotsatira zake ndi malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi / kuzizira, komanso kutopa kwathunthu, akuti Saba Hamiduzzaman , MD, sing'anga wamkati komanso pulmonologist ku Loma Linda University Health. Ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana omwe angayambitse matenda ochepa mpaka ena, nthawi zina, kufa.

Mitundu ya mavairasi a chimfine

Ngakhale tikunena za matendawa amakono ngati a chimfine, alipo kwenikweni mitundu inayi : A, B, C, ndi D mavairasi a chimfine.

Ndi mavairasi a fuluwenza A ndi B okha omwe amafalikira pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe amachititsa miliri ya chimfine chaka chilichonse, atero Dr. Hamiduzzaman.

Fuluwenza A mavairasi amagawidwanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono potengera mapuloteni awiri omwe ali pamwamba pa kachilomboka: hemagglutinin (H) ndi neuraminidase (N). Ngakhale mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana ya H ndi N yadziwika, ndi ochepa okha omwe amafalikira mwaanthu-kuphatikiza H1N1 ndi H3N2. Fuluwenza yotchuka ya Avian flu, imafalikira pakati pa mbalame zam'madzi, ndi chimfine cha nkhumba , kufalikira pakati pa nkhumba, nawonso agwera mgululi. Mitundu ya fuluwenza yatsopano komanso yosiyanasiyana A imatha kuyambitsa chimfine ngati ingathe kupatsira anthu.

Fuluwenza B mavairasi sanagawidwe m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ngati A, koma amafalikira m'mizere ndi zovuta. Masiku ano, mavairasi a fuluwenza B ndi amodzi mwa mibadwo iwiri: B / Yamagata ndi B / Victoria.

Fuluwenza ya mtundu wa C ma virus Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda opumira pang'ono.

Mphamvu D. mavairasi makamaka amakhudza ng'ombe.

Anthu olimbana ndi chimfine

Palinso zina zotchedwa nthenda zomwe, kutchula pambali, sizikugwirizana ndi kachilombo ka fuluwenza.

Izi zikuphatikiza chimfine m'mimba , wamankhwala amadziwika kuti viral gastroenteritis, matenda am'mimba omwe amatha kukhala masiku angapo mpaka 10. Mutha kutenga kachilomboka kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena chakudya kapena madzi owonongeka. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'madzi, kukokana m'mimba, nseru kapena kusanza, ndipo nthawi zina malungo.

Chimfine cha Keto ndi fuluwenza ina yabodza. Izi zimachitika mwa anthu omwe amadya zakudya za keto-kudya shuga pang'ono ndi sitashi m'malo mwa mafuta ndi mapuloteni athanzi. Thupi limawotcha mafuta ngati mafuta pakalibe shuga yemwe chakudya chimapereka. Zotsatira zake ndizofanana ndi fuluwenza, kuphatikizapo nseru, kufooka kapena kutopa, kukokana m'mimba, chizungulire komanso kusachita bwino. Zizindikirozi zimatha sabata.

Ndiye pali chimfine chaubongo . Poterepa, matenda am'magazi amayambitsa encephalitis, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa ngati chimfine ngati mutu, malungo, komanso kupweteka kwa minofu. Amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala ndi dokotala kapena wothandizira zaumoyo.

Zizindikiro za chimfine ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro choyamba cha chimfine chingakhale kutopa kwambiri. Anthu atha kukhala otopa kwambiri kwakuti zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zovuta. Kupweteka kwa thupi ndi kuzizira ndizizindikiro zomwe chimfine chimayamba, komanso kutsokomola kosalekeza komanso zilonda zapakhosi.

Chimfine vs. chimfine

Anthu ambiri zimawavuta kusiyanitsa zizindikiro za chimfine ndi chimfine choipa. Zizindikiro za chimfine ndizolimba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi mphuno yothamanga kapena pakhosi komanso pakhosi, Dr. Hamiduzzaman akufotokoza. Odwala chimfine adzamva kuchepa kwambiri ndipo zizindikilo zake zimadziwika kwambiri kuposa kuzizira.

Zizindikiro zozizira zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kuyetsemula
• mphuno yodzaza
• chikhure
• kukhosomola pang'ono
• kukapanda kuleka m'mphuno
• kupweteka thupi kapena minofu

Zizindikiro za chimfine zimayamba mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• malungo kapena kuzizira
• chifuwa
• chikhure
• yothina kapena yothamanga m'mphuno
• kupweteka mutu
• kupweteka kwa thupi kapena minofu
• kutopa kwambiri
• kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba, komwe kumafala kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi chimfine

Zizindikiro zozizira nthawi zambiri zimatha pafupifupi sabata. Tsoka ilo, kuthana ndi chimfine kumatha kutenga nthawi. Zizindikiro zimawoneka patatha masiku amodzi kapena anayi mutadwala kachilomboka. Ngakhale nthawi zina amasintha m'masiku awiri kapena asanu, anthu ambiri amadwala masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri — nthawi zina kupitilira apo . Kupumula kambiri, madzi, ndi othandizira ochepetsa kupweteka amathandizira.

COVID-19 vs. chimfine

Nanga bwanji za zizindikiro za COVID-19? Atha kukhala ofanana ndi chimfine, kuphatikiza malungo, chifuwa, kupweteka kwa thupi, komanso kutopa. Kutenga chimfine ndikudziteteza kuti musatenge matendawa, ndi njira imodzi yothetsera chimfine. Pamapeto pake, muyenera kuyankhulana ndi omwe amakuthandizani kuti mupeze mayeso a chimfine ndi COVID-19 kuti mudziwe zomwe muli nazo komanso njira yabwino yosamalira matenda. Werengani zambiri za COVID-19 vs. chimfine Pano .

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi chimfine chimawombera kapena Tamiflu imalepheretsa COVID-19?

Fuluwenza ndi wakupha bwanji?

Anthu ambiri athanzi omwe amadwala chimfine amakhala masiku ochepa akumva kuwawa. Koma chimfine angathe khalani akupha. Ku US, chimfine chimakhudza anthu opitilira 3 miliyoni pachaka. Ngakhale ziwerengero zimasiyanasiyana nyengo iliyonse, pafupifupi 200,000 amagonekedwa mchipatala chifukwa cha zovuta za chimfine chaka chilichonse, ndipo mpaka 50,000 amatha kufa ndi kachilomboka chaka chilichonse.

ZOKHUDZA: Ziwerengero za chimfine

Chimfine chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Funsani aliyense amene wachira ndi chimfine ndipo atha kunena kuti zakhala mpaka kalekale. Zizindikiro zake zimatha kupangitsa tsiku lililonse kumva ngati kwamuyaya, koma kwenikweni, chimfine ndi matenda osakhalitsa.

Zizindikiro zimawoneka patatha masiku amodzi kapena anayi mutadwala kachilomboka. Amatha masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Kutopa, kapena kutopa, komabe, kumatha kukhala nthawi yayitali.

Anthu ena amakumana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi chimfine zomwe zimawonjezera kutalika kwa matenda, malinga ndi Victor Laluz, MD, dokotala wamkati ku Loma Linda University Health. Zowopsa za chimfine ndi izi:

• chibayo cha bakiteriya (matenda am'mapapo)
• myocarditis (kutupa kwa mtima)
• myositis (vuto lokhudza kutupa kwa minofu)
• kutupa kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo kuchititsa khunyu
• kutupa kwa msana
• Matenda a Guillain-Barre (matenda opha thupi omwe amadzimadzimadzimadzi)

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimfine timabweretsa madera otupa komanso kupuma kwamadzimadzi omwe amatha kukhala malo omwe angayambitse matenda ena, Dr. Laluz akufotokoza.

Ndipo malinga ndi Dr. Hamiduzzaman, magulu ena a odwala omwe ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chazovuta zazikulu:

• achikulire, azaka 65+
• amayi apakati
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lathanzi monga:
  • matenda ashuga
  • HIV / Edzi
• anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga omwe amalandira chemotherapy

Kodi chimfine chafalikira bwanji?

Fuluwenza amafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu munjira zingapo. Imadutsa:

• madontho opumira ochokera kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula
• kukhudzana khungu ndi khungu monga kugwirana chanza ndi kukumbatirana
• kusamutsa malovu kupsompsona kapena kugawana zakumwa
• kukhudzana ndi malo owonongeka.

Chimfine chimafalikira kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mumayambukira kuchokera tsiku lomwe zizindikiro zisanatuluke mpaka masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri mutayamba kudwala. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amafalitsa kachilomboka asanadziwe kuti ali nako-kapena, ataganiza kuti ali bwino.

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa ena chifukwa chotenga chimfine. Zikuphatikizapo:

• ana ochepera zaka 5, makamaka omwe azaka zosapitirira 2
• akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 65
• amayi apakati ndi amayi mpaka milungu iwiri atabereka
• anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika monga matenda ashuga, mphumu, matenda am'mapapo, matenda amtima, impso ndi chiwindi, matenda am'magazi, kapena matenda amanjenje ndi ma neurodevelopmental
• Anthu onenepa omwe ali ndi index ya mass mass (BMI) ya 40 kapena kupitilira apo

Chaka chilichonse, masiku 70 miliyoni ogwira ntchito amatayika chifukwa cha chimfine. Malo ambiri ogwira ntchito amalimbikitsa ogwira nawo ntchito kuti azikhala kunyumba ngati akumva kudwala kuti ateteze anzawo ogwira nawo ntchito athanzi-komanso pokhala ndi malangizo a COVID-19, dipatimenti yanu ya HR itha kukhala ndi lamulo loyenera kutsatira. Ngati sichoncho, zingakhale zovuta kudziwa kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe simuyenera kupitako. Lamulo labwino kwambiri? Dikirani osachepera maola 24 mutangotha ​​malungo osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kutentha kwa thupi monga acetaminophen (kapena funsani dokotala wanu!).

Momwe mungachiritse chimfine

Njira yabwino yochizira chimfine ndikupewa kudwala koyamba. CDC imalimbikitsa katemera wa chimfine kwa pafupifupi aliyense. Katemerayu aziteteza ku chimfine. Ndipo ngati mungakwanitse kuigwira, kuwomberako kumatha kupangitsa kuti zizindikilo zizikhala zochepa, ndipo matendawa akhale afupikitsa.

Ngati mwadwala chimfine, chitani ndi pogona, madzi, kuphatikizapo madzi, msuzi, ndi msuzi wofunda — ndi kugona mokwanira kuthandiza chitetezo chanu cha mthupi kuthana ndi matendawa. Kupweteka kwapafupipafupi kumachepetsa monga acetaminophen ndipo ibuprofen itha kuthandizira malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi, komanso kupweteka mutu.

Anthu ambiri amatha kuchira chimfine popanda mankhwala, koma ena othandizira azaumoyo amatha kupereka mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus kuti achepetse zizindikiro. Pali mankhwala omwe angamwe kuti athetse kachilomboka m'thupi mwachangu ndikuchepetsa nthawi yazizindikiro, akutero Dr. Laluz. Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Tamiflu , kapena kutchfuneralhome , ndi Xofluza , kapena baloxavir. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola 48 oyamba a chimfine kuti agwire ntchito ndipo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akulu. Mankhwalawa amawonetsedwa mwamphamvu ngati zizindikiro za chimfine ndizolimba kwambiri kapena wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu potengera zovuta.

Zina mankhwala apanyumba Phatikizani zotsekera pakhosi, oyembekezera chifuwa, nthunzi yamadzi, mphuno yamchere kapena madontho pakhosi, kapena chopangira chinyezi ngati muli ndi mpweya wouma.

ZOKHUDZA: Mankhwala a chimfine ndi mankhwala

Momwe mungapewere chimfine

Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda, onetsetsani kuti mwadwala chimfine kumayambiriro kwa chaka chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, a Dr. Laluz amalimbikitsa izi:

• Sambani m'manja pafupipafupi pafupi ndi kutsokomola kapena anthu odwala.
• Malo oyera omwe mumakhudza ndi manja anu ndi mankhwala ochotsera ma virus monga mankhwala oyeretsera mowa.
• Sambani m'manja musanadye.
• Pewani kugwira nkhope yanu mosafunikira, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyika ma virus m'mphuno kapena mkamwa.
• Valani chigoba m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri.

ZOKHUDZA: Njira zina zopewera chimfine

Mukadwala chimfine, kodi mungayambenso?

Mosiyana ndi ma virus ena, mutha kudwala chimfine kangapo. Mwanjira ina, simutetezedwa kuti mupeze. Ndi chifukwa cha zomwe Dr. Laluz amatcha kusintha kwa antigenic. Matenda osiyanasiyana a chimfine amaphatikizana ndikupanga chatsopano. Palinso antigenic drift, momwe kusintha kwakanthawi pakapita nthawi kumatha kubweretsa kachilombo kamene thupi silimazindikiranso motero silingathe kuyankha chitetezo chamthupi. Kuphatikiza kwa katemera wa chimfine kumawunikidwa chaka chilichonse kuti kuwunika momwe amasinthira ma virus ndipo amasinthidwa moyenera.

Katemera wobwerezabwereza amalangizidwa kuti uwonjezere mwayi woti chitetezo chanu chamthupi chiteteze matenda a fuluwenza chaka chilichonse, akutero. Mfundo yofunika: Pangani katemera wa chimfine chizolowezi chanu pachaka.