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Ziwerengero zaumoyo 2021

Nkhani

Matenda amisala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimakhudza 13% ya anthu padziko lapansi. Chiwerengerochi chikhoza kuwonjezeka pamene anthu padziko lonse lapansi atha kukhala m'malo ndikusintha kwachilendo pakati pa mliri wa coronavirus. Pakafukufuku wathu wapadziko lonse lapansi pa matenda amisala ndi coronavirus , tapeza kuti mliri wa COVID-19 wakhudza thanzi la anthu 59% ku United States. Kuthana ndi manyazi okhudzana ndi matenda amisala ndikofunikira tsopano kuposa kale. Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi matenda amisala zikuwonetsa kukula ndi zovuta zamatenda amisala.

Kodi matenda amisala ndi chiyani?

Matenda a m'maganizo ali ndi magulu awiri matenda aliwonse amisala (AMI) ndi omwe ali matenda aakulu amisala (SMI) , ngakhale izi sizogwirizana.

AMI imatanthauzidwa ndi Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association (SAMHSA) kukhala ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, malingaliro, kapena machitidwe omwe adakwaniritsa njira ya Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways, edition 4 (DSM-IV). Munthu yemwe ali ndi AMI amadziwika kuti ali ndi SMI ndi SAMHSA ngati vuto lawo limasokoneza kapena kulepheretsa chimodzi kapena zingapo zazikulu pamoyo wawo.

Matenda ena amisala ndi awa:

Nkhawa: Matenda a nkhawa amadziwika ndi nkhawa, mantha, komanso kupsinjika kosalekeza komwe kumasokoneza moyo wamasiku onse.
Matenda okhumudwa: Kupitirizabe kutaya mtima, kutopa, ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndizizindikiro zazikulu zakukhumudwa kwakukulu.
Matenda osokoneza bongo: Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mobwerezabwereza komanso / kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amasokoneza machitidwe amunthu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Matenda a bipolar: Matenda a bipolar amakhala ndi kusintha kosintha kwa kukhumudwa kapena kusakhazikika komanso kusinthasintha kwamankhwala komwe kumatha milungu ingapo.
Matenda achizungu: Schizophrenia ndi matenda osachiritsika komanso amisala omwe amakhudza malingaliro amunthu, momwe amamvera, komanso machitidwe ake
Mavuto akudya: Mavuto akudya ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ubale wamunthu ndi chakudya komanso mawonekedwe amthupi.
Matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD): OCD ndimatenda okhalitsa, okhalitsa komwe munthu amakhala ndi malingaliro osalingalira, osalamulirika, obwerezabwereza otsatiridwa ndi mayankho mwamakhalidwe.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): PTSD ndimatenda omwe amayamba mwa ena omwe adakumana ndi chochitika chodabwitsa kapena chowopsa ndipo zikukuvutani kuchira pamavuto omwe mwambowo udadzetsa.

Kodi matenda amafala motani?

Anthu 970 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda amisala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. (Dziko Lathu mu Data, 2018)
Nkhawa ndi matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe amakhudza anthu 284 miliyoni. (Dziko Lathu mu Data, 2018)
Padziko lonse lapansi, matenda amisala amakhudza akazi ambiri (11.9%) kuposa amuna (9.3%). (Dziko Lathu mu Data, 2018)
Kupsinjika kwakukulu, kuda nkhawa, kumwa mowa, matenda a schizophrenia, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, ndi dysthymia (kupsinjika pang'ono) zidadziwika kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa kulumala ku US (U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators, 2013)
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala ndichokwera kwambiri kuposa anthu wamba, ndikuyembekezera moyo wazaka zapakati pazaka 10.1. ( JAMA Psychiatry, 2015)
Akuti kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufa kwa 14.3% padziko lonse lapansi, kapena kufa kwa anthu pafupifupi 8 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. ( JAMA Psychiatry, 2015)

ZOKHUDZA:

Ziwerengero zaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi

Nkhawa imakhudza anthu 284 miliyoni padziko lapansi.
Matenda okhumudwa amakhudza anthu 264 miliyoni.
Vuto lakumwa mowa limakhudza anthu 107 miliyoni.
Matenda osokoneza bongo amakhudza anthu 71 miliyoni.
Matenda a bipolar amakhudza anthu 46 miliyoni.
Schizophrenia imakhudza anthu 20 miliyoni.
Mavuto akudya amadwala anthu 16 miliyoni.

Dziko Lathu mu Data, 2018

Ziwerengero zaumoyo ku US

Oposa kotala (26.3%) achikulire azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 25 adadwala matenda amisala mu 2018.
Pafupifupi 8% ya achikulire azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 25 adadwala matenda amisala mu 2018.
Matenda akuda nkhawa amakhudza akulu 40 miliyoni ku US (18.1% ya anthu) kuwapanga matenda ofala amisala. (Nkhawa ndi Kukhumudwa Association of America)
Mlingo wa anthu azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 25 wazaka zomwe adanenanso kuti zodandaula zakukhumudwa kwakukulu zakula 63% kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2017. (American Psychological Association, 2019)

(SAMHSA, 2018)

Chithandizo chamaganizidwe

Chithandizo chamaganizidwe chimasiyanasiyana pakati pamitundu yamavuto amisala. Omwe akufuna chithandizo ayenera kufunsa akatswiri azachipatala kapena amisala kuti akambirane za mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa iwo.

Chithandizo chitha kukhala chamtengo wapatali, ndipo mtengo wamankhwala ndi mankhwala ukukwera madola masauzande. U.S. adagwiritsa ntchito $ 187.8 biliyoni pokhudzana ndi thanzi lam'mutu ndi zovuta zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala mu 2013. Makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu amawononga ndalamazi zokha.

Malinga ndi a kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi Lancet Psychiatry , mtengo wokwanira wothandizira matenda amisala ndi nkhawa m'maiko 36 padziko lonse lapansi ukuyembekezeka kukhala $ 147 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030. Mtengo uwu ubala phindu lonse, kutengera kuyerekezera komanso kuchepa kwa 5% pantchito zokolola zomwe zimapangitsa $ 399 biliyoni zachuma phindu.

Kodi inshuwaransi imapereka chithandizo chazachipatala?

Mapulani onse a inshuwaransi yamsika Msika amayang'anira ntchito zaumoyo wamaganizidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, malinga ndi chipatala.gov . Izi zimaphatikizira psychotherapy, upangiri, othandizira odwala, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, mapulani a Msika sangakukane kukutetezani chifukwa chokhala ndi thanzi lamisala.

Komanso, Mankhwala ndiye wolipira wamkulu kwambiri wazamisala ku United States.

Malingana ndi momwe Medicare imafikira, Medicare Part A imakhudza kulandilidwa kuchipatala, kuphatikiza kulandilidwa chifukwa chazovuta zamatenda amisala, ndipo Medicare B imakhudza maulendo azaumoyo. Nayi mndandanda wathunthu wazantchito zokutidwa .

KU kuphunzira yomwe idachitika mu 2006 akuti ndalama zambiri, mtengo wopezera chisamaliro, ndi kuchuluka kwa kubwezeredwa kwa chisamaliro cha odwala m'mazipatala 418 okhala ku US.

Avereji ya mtengo woperekera chithandizo kwa iwo omwe ali ndi Medicare:

Chithandizo cha Schizophrenia: $ 8,509 masiku 11.1
Chithandizo cha matenda a bipolar: $ 7,593 masiku 9.4
Chithandizo cha kukhumudwa: $ 6,990 masiku 8.4

Tsoka ilo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2006, odwala omwe alibe inshuwaransi amatha kulandira chithandizo chochepa kwambiri. Zindikirani kuti chithandizo cha odwala omwe alibe inshuwaransi ndi chachifupi kuposa chithandizo cha omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi.

Avereji ya mtengo woperekera chithandizo kwa iwo omwe alibe inshuwaransi:

Chithandizo cha Schizophrenia: $ 5,707 masiku 7.4
Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo: $ 4,356 masiku 5.5
Chithandizo cha kukhumudwa: $ 3,616 masiku 4.4

(Ntchito Zamisala, 2012)

Ziwerengero zamankhwala amisala

Kafukufuku Wadziko Lonse Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Zaumoyo amatanthauzira ntchito zaumoyo monga kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kuchipatala kapena upangiri kapena kumwa mankhwala azamankhwala pamavuto amisala.

Achinyamata 15% aku America (azaka 18 mpaka 25) adalandila zamisala mchaka chimodzi. (SAMHSA, 2018)
Kotala la ophunzira aku koleji ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo monga nkhawa, kukhumudwa, komanso vuto lakumwa mowa. ( Ntchito Zama psychological (Zolemba, 2020)
Ambiri (93%) a ophunzira amadziwa za ntchito zapa sukulu zokhudzana ndi thanzi lamisala. (Mgwirizano wa American Psychological Association, 2018)
Ndi 13% yokha mwa ophunzira omwe ali ndi vuto lamavuto amisala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zothandizira pa sukulu, monga upangiri. (Mgwirizano wa American Psychological Association, 2018)
Osakwana gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa achinyamata azungu samalandira chithandizo chamankhwala amisala, koma theka la achinyamata ocheperako samalandira chithandizo. (National Alliance to Advance Mental Health , 2007)
Oposa theka la achichepere omwe adachita nawo zachiweruzo cha achinyamata amakwaniritsa zofunikira za matenda amodzi amisala, komabe ndi 15% yokha mwa iwo omwe amalandila chithandizo. (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2017)

Chithandizo ndi zitsogozo zamankhwala

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsatirazi zathanzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizowa kuti mumvetsetse njira zamankhwala zomwe mungapeze ndikufanizira mankhwala omwe amapatsidwa. Komabe, yekhayo amene angadziwe chithandizo chabwino kwa inu ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo.

Kuda nkhawa
Matenda okhumudwa
Matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD)
Matenda achizungu
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Matenda osokoneza bongo
Matenda a chidwi cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu (ADHD)

Zothandizira m'maganizo

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za matenda amisala komanso / kapena muli ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha, thandizo lilipo. Gwiritsani ntchito magulu otsatirawa ndi njira zokuthandizani kuti mupeze chisamaliro chomwe mukufuna.