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Ziwerengero zamavuto akudya 2021

Nkhani

Aliyense ali ndi ubale wosiyana ndi chakudya. Kwa ena, ndi gwero la chitonthozo, chisangalalo, kapena chakudya. Ena atha kukhala ndi mayanjano olakwika komanso ovulaza ndi chakudya. Mavuto akudya ndi mavuto akulu azaumoyo, osonyeza ubale wopanda thanzi wa munthu ndi chakudya. Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azakudya zimakhudzanso matenda ena amisala, majini, media, mawonekedwe olakwika amthupi, komanso zoopsa.

Kodi vuto la kudya ndi chiyani?

Mavuto akudya ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ubale wamunthu ndi chakudya komanso mawonekedwe amthupi. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakudya amadandaula kwambiri za chakudya, thupi lawo kapena mawonekedwe awo, komanso momwe angapewere kudya zakudya zawo. Mitundu yamavuto akudya ndi awa:

Matenda a anorexia , yomwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa thupi kapena kukonza mwa kudya kwambiri, njala, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.
Kudya kwambiri , yomweamatanthauza kudyera pafupipafupi chakudya chambiri modabwitsa kamodzi.
Bulimia mantha , ndiZizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutsuka, kumwa mankhwala otsegulitsa m'mimba, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kusala kudya kuti muchepetse kunenepa pambuyo podya kwambiri.

Wina akhoza kuwona izi ngati nkhawa, malingaliro, kapena kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, atero Anna Hindell , LCSW-R, katswiri wama psychology ku New York. Kutembenukira kuwongolera ndikuletsa kudya kapena kukhala osokoneza bongo ndi kuyeretsa ndikoNthawi zonse chizindikiritso kapena mphamvu yakumverera komwe munthu amakhala nako. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusamvana komwe sikuthetsere kokhudzana ndi kudzidalira, kusowa mtengo, kapena kuponderezedwa . Anthu amatembenukira poyesa kuletsa kudya kapena kudya momwe akumvera m'malo mothana ndi vuto lalikulu, ngati sanalandire chithandizo.

Kodi matenda ndi ofala motani?

Pafupifupi anthu 30 miliyoni aku America ali ndi vuto la kudya. (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders)
Matenda akudya ndi matenda achitatu omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa akazi achichepere ku United States. ( International Journal of Adolescent Medicine ndi Health (2007)
Amuna mamiliyoni 10 ku US azivutika ndi matenda akudya m'moyo wawo. (Msonkhano wa National Eating Disrupt Association)
Kukula kwanthawi yayitali pamavuto akudya ndiokwera kwambiri pakati pa omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya kwambiri (5.5% poyerekeza ndi 2% ya bulimia ndi 1.2% ya anorexia). ( Psychiatry Yachilengedwe (2007)

Ziwerengero za matenda akudya padziko lonse lapansi

Matenda akudya padziko lonse lapansi akuchuluka kuchokera pa 3.4% mpaka 7.8% pakati pa 2000 ndi 2018. ( American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 2019)
Anthu 70 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vuto la kudya. (Msonkhano wa National Eating Disrupt Association)
Japan ili ndi vuto lalikulu pakudya ku Asia, lotsatiridwa ndi Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, ndi South Korea. (International Journal of Kudya Mavuto, 2015)
Austria idafala kwambiri ku Europe pa 1.55% kuyambira 2012. (Psychology Masiku Ano, 2013)
Pafupifupi theka la anthu aku America amadziwa wina yemwe ali ndi vuto la kudya. (South Carolina department of Mental Health)

Ziwerengero zamatenda akudya ndi kugonana

Mavuto akudya anali ochulukirapo pakati pa atsikana (3.8%) kuposa amuna (1.5%) ku US kuyambira 2001-2004. ( Zolemba pa American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2010)
Kotala la iwo omwe ali ndi anorexia ndi amuna. Amuna ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chomwalira chifukwa amapezeka pambuyo pake kuposa akazi. Izi zitha kukhala zina chifukwa chalingaliro loti amuna samakumana ndi zovuta zakudya. (Kudya Kwazovuta Zazida, 2014)

Ziwerengero za matenda akudya msinkhu

Padziko lonse lapansi, azimayi 13% azaka zopitilira 50 amakumana ndi zovuta pakudya. ( International Journal of Mavuto A Kudya (Chidwi, 2012)
Zaka zapakati pazovuta zamankhwala zoyambira zinali zaka 21 zakubadwa ndi vuto lakudya kwambiri komanso zaka 18 zakubadwa ndi anorexia ndi bulimia nervosa. ( Zolemba pa American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2010)
Kukula kwanthawi yayitali pamavuto akudya ku US kunali 2.7% mwa achinyamata kuyambira 2001-2004. ( Zolemba pa American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2010)
Mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya, azaka 17 mpaka 18 azaka zakubadwa anali ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri (3%). ( Zolemba pa American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2010)

Ofufuzawo adatsata gulu la atsikana 496 achichepere mumzinda waku U.S. pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo adapeza kuti pofika zaka 20:

Atsikana opitilira 5% adakwaniritsa njira ya anorexia, bulimia, kapena vuto lakudya kwambiri.
Atsikana opitilira 13% adakumana ndi vuto lakudya ngakhale kuphatikiza zizindikilo zosadziwika za matendawa.

(Zolemba za Psychology Yachilendo (2010)

Kuledzeretsa kudya ziwerengero

Matenda osokoneza bongo amadziwika ndi magawo omwe amadya chakudya chochuluka kwambiri munthawi yochepa. Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kudya mopitirira muyeso nthawi zambiri amamva kuti sangathe kudya ndipo sangachite manyazi chifukwa chake.

Kudya mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto lofala kwambiri kudya ku U.S. (National Eating Disorders Association)
Pafupifupi 3% mwa achikulire amakhala ndi vuto lakudya mopitirira muyeso m'moyo wawo. ( Psychiatry Yachilengedwe (2007)
Amayi aku America (3.5%) ndi amuna (2%) amakhala ndi vuto lakumwa mopitirira muyeso nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, ndikupangitsa kuti azidya mopitirira muyeso katatu kuposa anorexia ndi bulimia kuphatikiza. ( Psychiatry Yachilengedwe (2007)
Anthu ochepera theka (43.6%) a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumwa kwambiri adzalandira chithandizo. ( Dokotala Wamabanja Osteopathic , 2013)

Mphamvu yamavuto akudya

Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi amafa ola lililonse chifukwa cha vuto lakudya. (Mgwirizano Wodyera Mavuto, 2016)
Mavuto akudya amadwala kwambiri odwala matenda amisala. (Smink, F. E., van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W., 2012)
Anorexia ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri amisala. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi anorexia ali pachiwopsezo chodzipha nthawi 56 kuposa omwe alibe vuto lakudya. (Mgwirizano Wodyera Mavuto, 2016)
Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamlingo wokwera kasanu kuposa anthu wamba. (National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2003)
Ambiri (97%) a anthu omwe ali mchipatala chifukwa cha matenda akudya ali ndi thanzi labwino. Matenda am'maganizo, monga kukhumudwa kwakukulu, ndiwo vuto lalikulu lomwe limatsatiridwa ndimatenda amvuto, monga kukakamizidwa kuchita zinthu mopanikizika, kupsinjika kwakanthawi koopsa, komanso vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. ( Mavuto Amadyedwe: Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 2014)
Odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya, amavutika kuwongolera matenda awo ashuga, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ndi matenda ashuga monga matenda amtima, stroke, neuropathy, kusawona bwino, ndi matenda a impso.

ZOKHUDZA: Ziwerengero za nkhawa 2020

Kuthetsa mavuto azakudya

Chifukwa cha zovuta zakudya m'thupi ndi m'maganizo, njira zamankhwala nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo upangiri wamaganizidwe ndi zakudya komanso kuwunika, malinga ndi Msonkhano wa Mavuto Odya Kudya .

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala yothandizira pamavuto akudya, Hindell akuti. Pali mapulogalamu okhalamo, mapulogalamu azipatala, mapulogalamu azamasana. Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya, ndipo anthu omwe ndimawawona ndianthu ogwira ntchito bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala mitundu yokwaniritsa bwino, omwe amachita bwino posakaniza psychotherapy, magawo ndi katswiri wazakudya, ndipo nthawi zina, psychopharmacology.

Ndi chithandizo chamankhwala osadya, 60% ya odwala amachira kwathunthu. Komabe, m'modzi mwa anthu 10 aliwonse omwe ali ndi vuto lakadyedwe ndi omwe adzafunefune ndi kulandira chithandizo.