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Ziwerengero za Autism 2021

Nkhani

Ana omwe zimawavuta kuyambitsa zokambirana, kuyang'anitsitsa maso, kapena kumvera ena chisoni amatha kukhala kwina paziwonetsero za autism. Amatha kukhala ndi zochita zokakamiza kapena kuyenda mobwerezabwereza. Ngakhale atha kukopeka ndi zinthu zochepa, atha kukhala kumbuyo pachilankhulo chawo kapena maluso awo ophunzira. Matenda a Autism (ASD) amakhudza mwana m'modzi mwa ana 54 ku United States, ndipo zizindikilo zimawoneka mosiyana pang'ono ndi munthu wina. Palibe mankhwala a autism, ndipo ndimakhalidwe amoyo wonse, koma kuzindikira koyambirira itha kusintha moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi autism komanso ntchito zawo komanso maubale.

Kodi autism ndi chiyani?

Autism ndi vuto lakukula zomwe zimakhudza kulumikizana ndi machitidwe. Amakhulupirira kuti amayambitsidwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi majini . Omwe ali ndi autism amapeza mayanjano ovuta komanso amakhala ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza komanso okonda chidwi. Autism ndimatenda osiyanasiyana, kutanthauza kuti kuuma kwake ndi zizindikilo zake ndizosiyana siyana kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu.

Pansipa pali zisonyezo zochepa za autism, malinga ndi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways-V.

Osangobwebweta kapena kuloza ndi zaka 1
Palibe mawu amodzi azaka 16 zakubadwa kapena mawu awiri mwa zaka 2
Kulephera kukhoza kupanga zibwenzi ndi anzawo
Kulephera kuyambitsa kapena kuyambitsa zokambirana ndi ena
Kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo mobwerezabwereza kapena kwachilendo
Chidwi champhamvu kwambiri kapena chokhazikika
Kutanganidwa ndi zinthu zina kapena mitu ina
Kutsata mosasinthika pamachitidwe kapena miyambo inayake

ASD imatha kuonedwa ngati chinthu chomwe chimakhudza chilankhulo ndi malingaliro amalingaliro, akutero Merriam Saunders , LMFT, katswiri wa zamaganizidwe ku California. Kwa ena, momwe chilankhulo chimakhudzira zikutanthauza kuti samalankhula kapena sagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo. Izi ndizo milandu [yovuta kwambiri]. Lingaliro lamalingaliro ndi nthawi yokongola kuti munthu athe kumvetsetsa kuti zomwe zili m'mutu mwanga sizili mumutu mwanu, nanunso. Nthawi zina ndichifukwa chavutoli anthu omwe ali ndi ASD amavutika kumvetsetsa [kuti] wina sangafune kuyankhula kapena kumva kwa nthawi yayitali za zomwe amakonda.

Saunders akufotokozanso kuti zizindikilo zina, monga zovuta zamavuto (zovuta kumveka, kulawa, kukhudza, kuwala), zimatha kukhala zoyambira mpaka zofewa.

Kodi autism ndi yotani?

1 mwa ana 160 padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vuto la Autism. ( Kafukufuku wa Autism (Chidwi, 2012)
Pafupifupi 1 mwa ana 54 aku US ali ndi vuto la autism. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)
Autism inali yofala pafupifupi pafupifupi 2% ya ana azaka 8 ku 2016. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)
Autism idadziwika kwambiri pakati pa anyamata kuposa atsikana kuyambira 2016 ku US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)

Ziwerengero za Autism ndi zaka

Masiku ano, matenda a autism amapezeka nthawi zambiri ali aang'ono, mwina chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa ana mu autism ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa achikulire. Komabe, chifukwa tanthauzo la vuto la autism sipangakhale kovuta kwambiri kusinthika , achinyamata ambiri komanso achikulire atha kukhala kuti sanapeze ASD.

Mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism, 44% adayesedwa ali ndi zaka 3. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)
Ana omwe ali ndi matenda azachipatala a autism amakhala ndi zaka zapakati pazaka 4 ndi miyezi itatu. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)
Kuyerekeza kwakukula kwa autism mwa achikulire omwe adabadwa pakati pa 1980 ndi 2012 akuyembekezeredwa kupitilira 2.8% chifukwa chazidziwitso zatsopano. Ndipafupifupi atatu mwa akulu 100 aliwonse ku U.S. mtsogolo atha kutenga matenda kutengera izi. (Tsegulani Maganizo, 2018)

Ziwerengero za Autism potengera mtundu ndi fuko

Magulu ochepa amapezeka ndi autism pambuyo pake komanso kangapo.

Matenda a autism spectrum disorder ndiwotchuka kwambiri mwa ana omwe si Azungu (18.5 pa 1,000).
Ziwerengero za Autism ndizotsika kwambiri pakati pa ana aku Spain (15.4 pa 1,000).
Kuchuluka kwa Autism kwa azaka zisanu ndi zitatu kudakwera ndi 10% pakati pa 2014 ndi 2016, ndipo adakwera ndi 175% pakati pa 2000 ndi 2016.

(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)

Maganizo ozindikira pakati pa ana omwe ali ndi autism

Autism sikulephera kuphunzira, koma imatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito. Ana ena omwe ali ndi vuto la autism amachedwa ndi kulankhula kapena kuphunzira, pomwe ena satero. Chifukwa ndi vuto la sipekitiramu, kuchedwa kumeneku kumatha kukhala kochepa mpaka kovuta.

Gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism adadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto lanzeru (IQ yofanana kapena yochepera 70).
Atsikana 7% ochulukirapo kuposa anyamata adadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto la nzeru ndi autism (39% motsutsana ndi 32%).
24% ya ana omwe ali ndi autism anali ndi IQ m'malire (IQ 71-85).
Black (47%) ndi ana aku Puerto Rico (36%) anali othekera kuposa ana azungu (27%) kukhala ndi vuto lanzeru ndi autism.

(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)

Autism ndi zochitika zomwe zimachitika limodzi

Palibe mankhwala kapena mankhwala a autism spectrum disorder. Chithandizo chamakhalidwe ndi chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri cha autism. Komabe, ambiri (95%) a ana omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi vuto limodzi, lomwe nthawi zambiri limachiritsidwa.

Oposa theka (53%) ali ndi vuto la autism komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi.
Oposa theka (51%) ali ndi autism ndi nkhawa.
Kotala (25%) ali ndi autism ndi kukhumudwa.
Osachepera 60% ya ana omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi zovuta ziwiri (mwachitsanzo, mavuto atulo, khunyu, kulumala, kapena mavuto am'mimba).

(Tsegulani Maganizo, 2018)

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi mwana wanu akumuzindikira molakwika ndi autism?

Mtengo wa autism

Kusamalira, chithandizo, komanso kuyimira pakati pazomwe zikuchitika kumabweretsa mtengo wokwera kwa anthu aku America omwe ali ndi autism.

Autism imawononga $ 60,000 pachaka pafupifupi kudzera paubwana chifukwa chamaphunziro apadera, mtengo wamankhwala, ndi malipiro omwe makolo adataya.
Ndalama zimawonjezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism komanso olumala.
Amayi nthawi zambiri amakhala osamalira makamaka mwana yemwe ali ndi autism. Pafupifupi, amayi a ana omwe ali ndi ASD amalandira 35% yocheperako poyerekeza ndi amayi a ana omwe ali ndi matenda ena ndipo 56% yocheperako kuposa amayi a ana opanda chilema kapena zovuta.
Mtengo wosamalira anthu omwe ali ndi autism akuti udzafika $ 461 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025 ku U.S.

(Autism Ayankhula, 2018)

ZOKHUDZA: Kusamalira mankhwala kwa anthu olumala

Kodi autism ndi mliri?

Musanakambirane ngati manambalawa akuwonetsa kuti ndi mliri, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwanji ziwerengero za autism zawonjezeka. Mliri ndiwowonjezeka pamilandu yatsopano. Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati kuchuluka kwa autism kwawonjezeka kapena ngati kungowonjezera kukutenga.

Chris Abildgaard , LPC, wolemba wa Autism Kulera Ana Magazine akufotokoza kuti pali kuwonjezeka kwa milandu yodziwika ya autism chifukwa cha, kukulitsa tanthauzo kuchokera ku autism kupita ku autism spectrum disorder (ASD); kuwonjezera chidziwitso cha matendawa ndi akatswiri, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa matenda opatsirana bwino komanso oyamba; kusasinthasintha kowonjezera ndi CDC's Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring (ADDM) Network m'njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira milandu; (ndi) kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwa kuchuluka kwa ana obadwa ndi matendawa.