Kodi mwana wanu sakudziwika bwinobwino ndi ADHD?

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Kodi mwana wanu amaoneka kuti alibe nyonga, akumazungulira anzawo? Kapena kodi zikuoneka kuti mwana wanu amavutika kwambiri kuphunzira m'kalasi, ndipo amalandira ndalama zochepa kuposa momwe amayembekezera? Ndizovuta kuti kholo lidziwe ngati machitidwe ngati awa ndi zizindikiro za ADHD-kapena kungokhala ana kukhala ana. Kupeza matenda olondola a ADHD kwa mwana wanu kuchokera kwa akatswiri azaumoyo kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pakungopitirira ndikukula ndikulimba mtima.

Kodi ADHD ndi chiyani?

Matenda a chidwi cha kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi vuto la neurodevelopmental lomwe limadziwika ndi machitidwe, omwe amapezeka m'malo angapo (mwachitsanzo, kusukulu ndi kunyumba), zomwe zitha kubweretsa zovuta pazamagwiridwe antchito, maphunziro, kapena magwiridwe antchito, malinga ndi Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala ( DSM-5 ). Makhalidwe awa amagawika kukhala osasamala kapena osakhudzidwa-osakhudzidwa ndikuphatikizanso zizindikilo kuyambira kulephera kumvera kapena kutsatira malangizo kuti musamangoyankhula kapena kuyankhula mopitirira muyeso.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ADHD sizikudziwika, malinga ndi Chithunzi: Diana Deutsch, MD , katswiri wazamisala ku Brooklyn, ngakhale akunena kuti pali cholakwika chololera chomwe chimaseweredwa.

Nthawi zambiri mumawona mwana yemwe ali ndi izi, ndipo bambo amayankha, 'O, ndinali nazo ndili mwana,' akufotokoza, ndikuwonjezera kuti ngakhale mukubadwa ndi ADHD, zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kukhalanso nazo zotsatira zake pamkhalidwewo. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimatha kuphatikizira kuzunzidwa, machitidwe osagwirizana, kunyong'onyeka, komanso zakudya.

Chowonadi chakuti ADHD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa imfa kumapangitsa kukhala kofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa matenda olondola. Kuwonjezeka kwa imfa kumachitika makamaka pangozi, koma kudzipha komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhalanso kofala kwambiri kwa ana komanso akulu omwe ali ndi ADHD.

Zizindikiro za ADHD

Zizindikiro za ADHD zimagwera m'magulu awiri: kusasamala komanso kusachita chidwi, pomwe ana ambiri amakhala ndi zonse ziwiri, malinga ndi Dr. Deutsch.

Zizindikiro zakusanyalanyaza monga:

• Zovuta kulimbitsa chidwi
• Kusokonezedwa mosavuta
• Osasamala zambiri
• Kupanga zolakwika mosasamala
• Kulimbana kuti mumalize ntchito kapena kutsatira mayendedwe
• Kutaya kapena kuiwala zinthu

Zizindikiro zosakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi monga:

• Kuchita asanaganize
• Kupumula komanso kumangoyenda
• Kuyankhula zambiri kapena kusokoneza anthu munthawi zosayenera.

Zizindikirozi zimayenera kubwera mwa mwana asanakwanitse zaka 12 ndikupangitsa kusokonezeka pamoyo wawo, kuti matenda a ADHD afikiridwe.

Kuti muchite izi, ngati ngati wamkulu , mwadzidzidzi mumapezeka kuti mukuvutika kuganizira kwambiri, pali zinthu zina zambiri (monga kuda nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa) zomwe dokotala wanu athana nazo poyamba. Ngakhale, ndizofala kuti wamkulu akhale ndi ADHD ali mwana ndipo amapitilizabe mpaka kukhala wamkulu. Pazochitikazi, Dr. Deutsch akuti zizindikirazo zitha kuwoneka chimodzimodzi mukamakula, ngakhale mawu omwe angawafotokozere atha kukhala osiyana pang'ono.

Palibe mndandanda wa ADHD wa ana mu DSM motsutsana ndi mndandanda wa akuluakulu, akutero. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosiyana. Mutha kukhala ndi wokwatirana akuti, 'Mwamuna wanga amachoka pachinthu china kupita china kenako zimamuvuta.' Kapenanso nthawi zina wachichepere amabwera ndikunena, 'Ndikudziwa ndakhala ndikukumana ndi vuto ili, koma palibe amene ananditengera [kwa dokotala], kapena ndinali wanzeru zokwanira kuti ndinakwanitsa. '

Chifukwa chiyani matenda osokoneza bongo a ADHD amachitika?

Chiwerengero cha ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi ADHD, pa kafukufuku waubwino wa 2016 wotchulidwa ndi Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC), ndi 6.1 miliyoni. Komabe, kafukufuku wa 2017 wofalitsidwa mu Ana ndi Achinyamata Psychiatry ndi Mental Health adanenanso kuti pafupifupi ana 1.1 miliyoni ku United States alandila matenda osayenera a ADHD.

Kafukufukuyu adatchulapo zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kusazindikira kwa ADHD kuphatikiza:

• Kukhala ndi tsiku lobadwa pafupi ndi tsiku lodula kindergarten. Nthawi zambiri, machitidwe a ophunzira osakhwimawa amafanizidwa ndi anzawo omwe amakhala okhwima kwambiri kuti athe kupeza matenda. (Makamaka, pomwe ophunzira onse ali ku sukulu ya mkaka, zochita za mwana wazaka 5 zitha kukhala zochepa kuposa zomwe ana azaka 6.)
• Madokotala amadzipangira okha osagwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zodziwira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu DSM-5 .
• Zizindikiro za ADHD zimatsanzira za zikhalidwe zina, kapena wodwala yemwe ali ndimatenda angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ovuta.

Pozindikira matenda a ADHD, madokotala ayenera kusamala kuti asasakanize zizindikiro za ADHD ndi zovuta zina zamatenda amisala, monga zovuta zamavuto kapena zovuta zamaganizidwe. Aliyense amene adakhalapo ndi nkhawa, yemwe ndi aliyense, amadziwa kuti ndizosatheka kumvetsera mukakhala ndi nkhawa kwenikweni, Dr. Deutsch atero. Simungathe kuyang'ana.

Mavuto otukuka, monga kulephera kuphunzira komanso zovuta zamavuto a autism, ayeneranso kuchotsedwa. Chinthu china nthawi zina mwana samangosiyana maphunziro, Dr. Deutsch akuti. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ana a winawake abwera kunyumba ndipo adzanena kuti asokonekera, koma mwina mwina ali ndi vuto lophunzira.

Ndizotheka kuti mwana azikhala ndi vuto lakukula komanso ADHD (kapena nkhawa / kukhumudwa ndi ADHD), chifukwa chake pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zimafunikira pakuzindikira zomwe zikuyambitsa.

Ngakhale kudziwitsidwa mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto lomwe limakambidwa kawirikawiri ndi ADHD, chidwi chochepa chimaperekedwa kuzinthu zosazindikira. Atsikana achichepere, makamaka, amapezeka kuti samapezeka pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti zizindikiritso zawo sizomwe zimawoneka bwino ndipo amatha kubweza bwino.

Atsikana anzeru ndiye gulu lomwe amanyalanyazidwa kwambiri, lomwe ndimawawona ali ndi zaka 27, akutero Owen Muir, MD, katswiri wazamisala komanso woyambitsa nawo Brooklyn Minds . Palibe amene amasamala ngati mukupeza A osati A +, kapena ngati ndinu mtsikana, ndipo mukupeza B +, makamaka mukakhala chete. Ndipo atsikana otonthola kwambiri omwe ali ndi mtundu wosazindikira wa ADHD ndipo ndi anzeru kwambiri, palibe zovuta zokwanira zomwe zimakhala m'sukulu zam'makalasi kapena kusekondale kuti izi zitheke. Amatha kuchita zinthuzo ali mtulo. Amatha kukhala opunduka modabwitsa, koma Ngati ali anzeru zokwanira, zilibe kanthu-kufikira mutafika pakhoma. Ndipo apa ndipamene zofunikirazo zimawonjezera kuthekera kwawo kuthana nawo, ndikupangitsa kuti azimvetsetsa pambuyo pake m'moyo.

Kukhala ndi osadziwika (ndipo chifukwa chake, osalandiridwa) ADHD kumatha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu, kuchokera pakudzidalira komanso kuvutika pantchito mpaka mavuto am'magulu-ngakhale kuyesa kudzipha.

ZOKHUDZA: Ubwino wa mankhwala a ADHD kwa achinyamata

Kuzindikira bwino ADHD

Ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro za ADHD, ndikofunikira kupita nawo kwa akatswiri azachipatala kuti akamuyese. Gawo loyamba, malinga ndi CDC , ndimayeso osavuta azachipatala kuti awone masomphenya awo ndi makutu awo kuti athetse vuto lililonse lomwe lingafanane ndi zisonyezo za ADHD. Pambuyo pake, katswiri wazamisala atha kufunsa mafunso angapo, ndi makolo, aphunzitsi, ndi mwanayo, kuti amvetsetse kuti ndi mavuto ati komanso momwe akukhudzira sukulu ya mwana komanso moyo wapanyumba.

Ndi matenda ochiritsira, atero Dr. Deutsch. Koma kuti tithe, tiyenera kuyika zidutswa zambiri zomwe sizachipatala. Koma makamaka ndiye mndandanda. Ndi magwiridwe: Chifukwa chiyani mwana uyu sakupanga zomwe mungayembekezere? Chifukwa chiyani munthuyu akuvutika kwambiri pamaphunziro awa? Zili ngati kukhala wofufuza.

Mulingo wovomerezeka woyesedwa, malinga ndi American Academy of Pediatrics , ali ndi zaka 4 mpaka 18.

Chithandizo cha ADHD

Chithandizo cha ADHD chimagawika m'magulu awiri: machitidwe ndi mankhwala. Kutengera zaka za mwana ndi zosowa zake, nthawi zambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito pochiza matendawa.

Kodi mumatani ngati ADHD popanda mankhwala?

Chithandizo chamakhalidwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala gawo loyamba kwa ana aang'ono kwambiri (azaka 4 mpaka 5) omwe amapezeka ndi ADHD. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga mawonekedwe a kuphunzitsa makolo. Makolo akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti akuyenera kulimbikitsa machitidwe abwino omwe amawona, atero Dr. Makolo amaphunziranso momwe angawononge ntchito zazikulu zing'onozing'ono. Kuti mwana wawo azitsatira bwino, gawo lirilonse liyenera kutsatiridwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa kowonjezera. Kwa ana okalamba, chithandizo chamakhalidwe atha kuphatikizanso njira zina zamankhwala. Akatswiri azaumoyo amathanso kufunsa aphunzitsi a ophunzira kuti apange maphunzilo oyenera kwa iwo.

Kodi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a ADHD ndi ati?

Mankhwala a ADHD kugwera m'magulu awiri: zolimbikitsa komanso zosalimbikitsa. Mzere woyamba ndizolimbikitsa, atero Dr. Deutsch. Mankhwala olimbikitsa (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala methylphenidate kapena amphetamine) amaphatikizapo mankhwala monga Adderall , Ritalin , ndi Kusokoneza . Malinga ndi Chakudya ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo (FDA) ,amakhulupirira kuti amachulukitsa ubongo wa dopamine-neurotransmitter yokhudzana ndi chidwi, chidwi, komanso kuyenda, komwe kumakhazikitsa bata. Ngati ana sangatenge chopatsa mphamvu (mwina chifukwa cha vuto lina), amapatsidwa mankhwala osalimbikitsa monga Strattera (atomoxetine), Intuniv (guanfacine), kapena Kapvay (clonidine).

Mankhwalawa atha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, ndipo palibe dongosolo lamankhwala amtundu uliwonse la ADHD, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu kuti akonze njira yothandizira iwo, yomwe ingafune kuti ena adzigwedezere panjira.

ZOKHUDZA: Mankhwala a ADHD akatha: Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ola laukadaulo mukamaliza sukulu

Ngakhale ADHD singachiritsidwe, imatha kuyendetsedwa bwino. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli amapanga njira zothanirana ndi matendawa kotero kuti safunikiranso mankhwala akamakula.