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Ziwerengero za OCD 2021

Nkhani

Si zachilendo kukhala ndi chizolowezi cham'mawa kapena chamadzulo chamadzulo - zomwe mumachita pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Ndipo si kwachilendo kufuna kusangalala ndi nyumba yaukhondo kapena malo oyera ogwirira ntchito. Komabe, ngati mumakhala ndi nkhawa ngati china sichinachitike choncho kapena ngati mukufunika kulimbana ndi zofuna zopanda pake kapena zosafunikira kuti mubwerere ntchitozi, mutha kupeza kuti izi ndi zizindikiro za OCD. Ngakhale OCD nthawi ina adakhala m'gulu la matenda khumi opititsa patsogolo kwambiri chifukwa chopeza ndalama ndikuchepetsa moyo ndipo zimakhudza 1 mwa akulu 40 ku United States, ziwerengero za OCD sizovuta kupeza ndipo maphunziro ambiri ndi achikale. Tidalemba ziwerengero zaposachedwa kwambiri komanso zothandiza za OCD kuwonetsa kufalikira kwake ku US

Kodi matenda osokoneza bongo ndiotani?

Matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD) ndi matenda omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa komwe munthu amakhala ndi malingaliro osayenerera, osalamulirika, kapena obwerezabwereza pambuyo potsatira mayendedwe ake. Zowonera ndi malingaliro obwereza, zolimbikitsa, kapena zithunzi zamaganizidwe zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa. Zokakamiza ndizobwerezabwereza zomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi OCD amakhala ndi chidwi chochita poyankha lingaliro lotengeka.

Otsatirawa ndi magulu anayi amikhalidwe ya OCD (yotchedwa zokakamiza) ndi zitsanzo za chilichonse, kutengera Menyu ya Boduryan-Turner , Psy.D, katswiri wama psychology wokhala ku California:

Kuchita zinthu mokakamiza monga kuyang'ana, kutsuka m'manja, kutseka, kusuntha zinthu, kuyang'anitsitsa, kupemphera, kapena kufuna kufanana.
Kupeza chilimbikitso kuchokera kwa okondedwa, kulemba kusaka mu Google, kapena kufunsa Siri.
Kupewa zoyambitsa monga kucheza ndi anthu, zinthu, kapena kuyenda mozungulira zinthu.
Zokakamiza zamaganizidwe monga kubwereza mawu, kuwerengera, kuwunika m'maganizo,mphekesera, kuwonera, kupondereza malingaliro, kulepheretsa (kusintha lingaliro losasangalatsa ndi labwino), ndikuwunikanso zamaganizidwe (kuwunikiranso zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu).

Kuzungulira kwa OCD kumangopitilira momwe amagwirira ntchito, pomwe zokakamiza ndimayankho amachitidwe omwe amachepetsa nkhawa. Kuchita bwino kwa kukakamizika ndikomwe kumatsimikizira kuti khalidweli limachitika chifukwa chazovuta, malinga ndi Dr. Boduryan-Turner.

Akufotokoza kuti kukhala ndi OCD kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wamunthu chifukwa chamalingaliro olowerera, nkhawa, komanso kusatsimikizika. Zovuta za OCD ndizovuta ndipo zimatha kuyambitsidwa nthawi iliyonse. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi OCD zimawavuta kuchoka panyumba chifukwa chikhalidwe chamtundu pagulu chimakhala chochititsa manyazi.

Kodi OCD ndi yotani?

Pafupifupi 2.3% ya anthu ali ndi OCD, omwe ndi pafupifupi 1 mwa 40 akulu ndi 1 mwa ana 100 ku US (Anxiety and Depression Association of America)
Kukula kwa OCD m'miyezi khumi ndi iwiri ndi yayikulu mwa akazi (1.8%) kuposa amuna (0.5%). (Harvard, 2007)
Kafukufuku wina mu 1992 adapeza kuti pafupifupi anthu awiri mwa atatu mwa atatu aliwonse omwe ali ndi OCD anali ndi zizindikilo zazikulu asanakwanitse zaka 25. (Stanford Medicine)
M'mabanja omwe ali ndi mbiri ya OCD, pali 25% mwayi woti wina m'banjamo azikhala ndi zisonyezo. ( American Journal of Medical Genetics (2005)

Ziwerengero za OCD mwamphamvu:

Hafu ya achikulire omwe ali ndi OCD (50.6%) anali ndi vuto lalikulu kuyambira 2001-2003.
Gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa akulu omwe ali ndi OCD (34.8%) anali ndi vuto laling'ono kuyambira 2001-2003.
15% yokha mwa akulu omwe ali ndi OCD anali ndi vuto locheperako kuyambira 2001-2003.

(Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya Harvard, 2007)

Ziwerengero za OCD ndi zaka:

Avereji ya zaka zoyambira OCD ndi zaka 19.5. ( Maselo Achilengedwe, 2008)
Amuna amapanga milandu yambiri yoyambirira. Pafupifupi kotala la amuna amakhala ndi ziwopsezo asanakwanitse zaka 10. Amayi ambiri amapezeka ndi OCD ali achinyamata (atakwanitsa zaka 10). ( Maselo Achilengedwe, 2008)
Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoyambilira amakhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa za OCD komanso kuchuluka kwa ADHD ndi matenda osinthasintha zochitika. ( Mankhwala Azachipatala, 2014)

OCD komanso momwe zimakhalira ndimatenda amisala

Ambiri (90%) mwa achikulire omwe anali ndi OCD nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo analinso ndi vuto lina lamisala. Zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta ndi OCD ndi izi:

Matenda nkhawa, kuphatikiza mantha amantha, phobias, ndi PTSD (75.8%)
Matenda amisala, kuphatikiza vuto lalikulu lokhumudwa komanso kusinthasintha zochitika (63.3%)
Zovuta zowongolera, kuphatikizapo ADHD (55.9%)
Matenda osokoneza bongo (38.6%)

(Maselo a Psychiatry, 2008)

Zomwe zimayambitsa OCD

Kuphatikiza kwa majini, zachilengedwe, komanso ma neurobiological zoopsa zimatha kuyambitsa OCD.Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zisonyezo za OCD zimalumikizidwa ndi malo olumikizirana pakati pamaubongo.

Kuchita zododometsa zamagetsi monga mankhwala otchedwa serotonin, dopamine, glutamate omwe amatumiza mauthenga pakati pa maselo amubongo - nawonso amayambitsa matendawa, akutero Dr. Boduryan-Turner. Chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi OCD ndikuti alibe serotonin yomwe imapezeka mosavuta m'malo ena aubongo kuti kulumikizana kofunikira kuchitike.

Tsoka ilo, kulandira molondola matenda a OCD kumatenga zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pafupifupi. Zitha kutenga zaka 17 kuti chisamaliridwe mokwanira. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera, ndi anthu 10% okha omwe ali ndi OCD amachira. Komabe, 50% amasintha pazizindikiro za OCD, malinga ndi The Recovery Village.

Kuchiza OCD

OCD sichitha, koma imatha kuthandizidwa bwino ndi mankhwala ndi psychotherapy. Kusankha ma serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) monga Prozac ndi Lexapro amalembedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi OCD. Ndikofunika kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse monga momwe adanenera, chifukwa zimatha kutenga masabata 10 mpaka 12 kuti azindikire kusintha kwa zizindikiritso za OCD. Ngakhale zimatenga kanthawi kuti SSRIs isanachitike pa OCD, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi SSRIs ndi 40% mpaka 60%. Kusiya mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda woperekera pang'onopang'ono komanso popanda chithandizo chazidziwitso zitha kuyambiranso ku OCD, malinga ndi The Recovery Village.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsa ndi kulandira chithandizo panjira yothandizirana ndi malingaliro azidziwitso zitha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi OCD kuthana ndi nkhawa zawo ndikuwongolera zomwe amakakamizidwa.

Kuteteza ndikuwonetsa kuyankha (ERP) ndiye mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pochiza OCD, malinga ndi Dr. Boduryan-Turner. Akufotokoza kuti lingaliro la ERP ndikuphunzitsa ubongo momwe angachitire mosiyanasiyana kukhumudwa polekerera nkhawa komanso zovuta zomwe zimadza nawo.

Malingaliro azidziwitso zamaganizidwe (CBT) ndi kulingalira ndi njira zina zothandizira OCD, malinga ndi Dr. Boduryan-Turner. Kulingalira kumakuphunzitsani kusungitsa malingaliro anu ndi malingaliro anu moyenera pomwe CBT imakuphunzitsani kuzindikira, kutchula, ndi kusinthanso malingaliro anu.

ZOKHUDZA: Chithandizo cha OCD ndi mankhwala