Kodi mutha kusintha matenda ashuga?

Maphunziro a Zaumoyo

Matenda a shuga (amadziwikanso kuti matenda a shuga) amapezeka pamene magazi anu ashuga (omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa shuga wamagazi) amakhala okwera kwambiri. Shuga wamagazi ndiye gwero lalikulu la thupi. Imayamwa kuchokera ku chakudya ndipo imalowa m'maselo mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni otchedwa insulin, omwe amapanga kapamba.

Oposa 34 miliyoni aku America ali ndi matenda ashuga, komanso mozungulira 90% -95% mwa iwo ali ndi Mtundu 2. Amakhudza kwambiri anthu azaka zopitilira 45, koma ana ndi achikulire akuchulukirachulukira.

Kodi ndizotheka kusintha matenda ashuga?

Ndizotheka kusintha ma prediabetes komanso Type 2 diabetes. Mtundu woyamba ndi matenda ashuga osakhudzidwa sangasinthe; anthu omwe ali ndi izi angathe samalani ndikuwongolera iwo.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi insulin, kutanthauza kuti matupi awo sagwiritsa ntchito insulini bwino ndipo shuga ndiye amakhala m'magazi awo osafikira ma cell, pamapeto pake amayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga samapanga insulin yokwanira kapena samapanga konse. Pali mitundu ingapo yofala ya matenda ashuga:

• Type 1 shuga ndi pamene thupi silipanga insulini. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapha ndikupha maselo m'matenda omwe amapanga insulin. Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri amawunika mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga mwa achinyamata, koma amatha kuyamba msinkhu uliwonse. Type 1 odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kumwa insulin tsiku lililonse.
• Type 2 matenda ashuga ndipamene thupi silipanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulini bwino. Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga. Ngakhale zimatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse, Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa okalamba komanso achikulire.
• Matenda a shuga akufotokozera amayi apakati. Nthawi zambiri zimatha mwana akabadwa koma zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha mayi kuti adzakhale ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri pambuyo pake. Matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi pakati nthawi zina amathanso kukhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Othandizira azaumoyo amadziwitsanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga . Apa ndipamene milingo ya shuga m'magazi imakhala yokwera kuposa masiku onse koma osakhala okwanira kukhala matenda ashuga. Ma Prediabetes amakulitsa chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri ndipo ali ndi zifukwa zambiri zomwezi.

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi misinkhu ya shuga wamagazi ndi yotani?

Kodi njira yabwino yothetsera matenda ashuga ndi iti?

Gawo loyamba la chikhululukiro cha matenda a shuga kwa iwo omwe ali ndi prediabetes ndi Type 2 shuga ndikuwongolera magazi. Izi zimachitika kudzera mumankhwala ngati pakufunika kutero, kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndikuchepetsa thupi kuthandiza thupi kuyankha bwino ku insulin. Izi zitha kuthandizira kuthetsa kukana kwa insulin ndikuletsa kapena kuchedwetsa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Pulogalamu ya Pulogalamu Yopewa Matenda A shuga (DPP), kafukufuku wopitilira omwe adayamba ku 1996 ndipo adathandizidwa ndi National Institutes of Health, akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga amachepetsa mwayi wawo wopeza matendawa potaya 5% -7% ya kulemera kwawo poyambira. Kwa munthu amene amalemera mapaundi 200, ndiwo mapaundi 10 mpaka 14. Anthu omwe adatenga nawo gawo phunziroli adataya thupi posintha zakudya zawo ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

1. Kusintha kwa zakudya

American Diabetes Association (ADA) ndi gulu la asayansi, madokotala, ophunzitsa matenda ashuga, ndi akatswiri azakudya adayesetsa kuti apeze njira zabwino zodyera anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Adawunikanso zolemba zopitilira 600 ndipo adapeza kuti palibe chakudya chimodzi chomwe chimagwira aliyense, koma kutsatira malangizo ochepa kungathandize anthu kuthana ndi vutoli. Mwambiri, lipoti lawo likusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadya masamba ambiri osakhuthala, mbewu zonse, zakudya zosagulitsidwa, komanso shuga wochulukirapo.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, zakudya zokha kapena chakudya zilibe kanthu; ndizambiri zakuwongolera gawo komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali-kaya mungasankhe zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zakudya za ketogenic, zakudya za ku Mediterranean, kapena kusala kwakanthawi. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa chakudya chimodzi kapena china, atero a Ghada Elshimy, MD, katswiri wazamaphunziro Healtha University ku Augusta . Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsata chakudya chimodzi. Ndipo timauza odwala kuti ayenera kudya masamba ambiri, mapuloteni ambiri, ndi chakudya chochepa.

Amalimbikitsa njira ya shuga, yomwe imavomerezedwanso ndi American Diabetes Association. Amagawa mbale yodyera m'magawo atatu-theka ndi la masamba osakhula, kotala limodzi ndi mapuloteni, ndipo gawo lomaliza ndi chakudya. Dr. Elshimy akuwonjezeranso kuti odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kumamatira magalamu 60 a chakudya panthawi yachakudya (chofanana ndi bagel imodzi), ndipo zovuta kwambiri, zimakhala bwino.

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi chakudya ndi chiyani?

2. Kuletsa kalori

Nanga bwanji kudya zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri? Mu phunziro laling'ono kuchokera ku 2011 , ofufuza amaletsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 kuti azikhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu 600 patsiku kwa milungu eyiti. Adapeza kuti zizindikilo zoyambilira za matenda ashuga-insulin kukana ndi kapamba-idayamba kusintha, kuwonetsa kukhululukidwa kwa matenda ashuga. Ofufuzawo adazindikira, kuti kafukufuku wambiri amafunikira pagulu lalikulu la anthu.

Mofananamo, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kudutsa m'mimba kapena opaleshoni ya bariatric, yomwe imachepetsa kukula kwa m'mimba ndikuchepetsa ma calories, imatha kusintha matenda ashuga. Pakafukufuku wina, ofufuza ku Denmark adasanthula anthu opitilira 1,100 omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa Type 2 omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni yam'mimba. Chaka chimodzi atachitidwa opaleshoni, 74% sankafunikiranso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, pomwe 27% adawona kuti matenda awo ashuga abwerera patatha zaka zisanu.

Kupita m'mimba ndichosankha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda ena okhudzana ndi kulemera monga kugona tulo, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena cholesterol chambiri chokhala ndi index ya mass mass (BMI) ya 35 kapena kupitilira apo. Omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni adzafunikanso kusintha zina ndi zina pamoyo wawo kuti achepetse thupi. Odwala ena amakhala ndi zovuta atachitidwa opaleshoni ndipo sangathe kuthana ndi matenda awo ashuga.

3. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi ndikuchepetsa mafuta amthupi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga komanso ma prediabetes. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera mphamvu ya maselo a insulin kukhudzika kotero imagwira ntchito moyenera.

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti tsiku lililonse muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi-Zochita zolimbitsa thupi monga kuthamanga, kupalasa njinga, kapena kukwera mapiri, komanso kukana maphunziro monga kukweza zolemera kuti mupange minofu yatsopano. Anthu omwe sagwira ntchito mwakhama kapena ali ndi nkhawa zaumoyo ayenera kufunsa omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala asanayambe pulogalamu yatsopano yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

4. Mankhwala

Mankhwala atha kuthandizanso kuchedwetsa kapena kusintha mtundu wa 2 wa matenda ashuga. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amatenga insulin atangodziwitsidwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wokhala wopanda iwo mtsogolo ndikukhala ndi zovuta zochepa za matenda ashuga.

Kafukufuku wa DPP adapeza kuti kutenga metformin , othandizira azaumoyo omwe amapereka mankhwala ochizira matenda ashuga, atha kulepheretsa anthu kuti asadwale matendawa. Ndipo, magulu awiri amtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 omwe othandizira azaumoyo amakupatsani kuti azitha kuwongolera shuga-GLP-1 agonists ndi SGLT-2 inhibitors-Zitha kuperekanso kuonda. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga omwe amamwa mankhwala a GLP-1 amatha kutaya mapaundi atatu kapena asanu ndi theka. Chiwerengerocho chimadumpha mpaka mapaundi sikisi mpaka sikisi ndi kusintha kwamachitidwe kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ashuga.

Palinso mankhwala opondereza njala. Dr. Elshimy akuti mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pazifukwa izi ndi Maganizo , ndipo amangolimbikitsa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi BMI ya 27 kapena kupitilira apo. Omwe amamwa mankhwalawa ayenera kungogwiritsa ntchito pongowonjezera kusintha kwa moyo wawo; adzafunikiranso kuti azimutenga kwa moyo wawo wonse kuti akhalebe ndi zotsatira zakuchepa.

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Riomet (metformin)	Zamgululi	Pakamwa	500 mg kawiri patsiku kapena 850 mg kamodzi patsiku, kenako onjezerani 500 mg mlungu uliwonse kapena 850 mg milungu iwiri iliyonse kuti musamalire 2000 mg tsiku lililonse	Kutsekula m'mimba, kuphulika, kupweteka m'mimba	Pezani coupon
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Invokana (canagliflozin)	SGLT-2 choletsa	Pakamwa	100 - 300 mg kamodzi patsiku	Kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu lowonjezeka, kudzimbidwa, pakamwa pouma	Pezani Rx khadi
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Ozempic (semaglutide)	GLP-1 agonist	Jekeseni	0.25 mg jekeseni pansi pa khungu kamodzi pamlungu kwa masabata 4, kenako onjezerani 0,5 mg kamodzi sabata iliyonse kwa milungu inayi, kenako onjezani 1 mg sabata iliyonse	Nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba	Pezani coupon
Victoza (liraglutide)	GLP-1 agonist	Jekeseni	Jekeseni 0.6 mg tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 7, kenako onjezerani mpaka 1.2 mg pansi pa khungu kamodzi patsiku; mlingo waukulu: 1.8 mg tsiku lililonse	Nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba	Pezani coupon

Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala, zakudya, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, palinso zina zokhudzana ndi moyo komanso mankhwala omwe muyenera kukumbukira mukamayesetsa kusintha matenda ashuga.

5. Tulo

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa kugona, metabolism, ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kusowa tulo kumatipangitsa kukhala ndi njala, makamaka zakudya zopatsa mphamvu komanso zopatsa mphamvu. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kugona kumakhudza mahomoni m'thupi otchedwa ghrelin ndi leptin omwe amatsogolera njala. Chinthu china: kusowa tulo kumathetsa mphamvu zathu zolimbitsa thupi.

Akuluakulu ambiri amayenera kugona maola asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi anayi usiku umodzi ndikugwira ntchito kuti azigona mokwanira ngati kuchotsa zida zamagetsi kuchipinda ndikupewa kudya kwambiri maola awiri kapena atatu asanagone.

6. Thanzi la m'maganizo

Kukhala ndi matenda kumatha kubweretsa nkhawa, kukhumudwa, komanso kusiya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe zidali zosangalatsa kale. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza nkhawa mwina kawiri kapena katatu kuposa omwe alibe vutoli, koma ndi 25% mpaka 50% yokha yomwe imapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa. Amakhalanso ndi 20% omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa.

Omwe akuyesera kuthetsa matenda awo ashuga amathanso kukhala ndi malingaliro awa ngati sawona zotsatira zomwe akuyembekezerapo kapena kukhala ndi chithandizo cha anzawo ndi mabanja.

7. Kusuta

Kusuta kumatha kuyambitsa matenda amtundu wa Type 2, ndipo osuta ali ndi mwayi wopitilira 30% -40%. Amakhalanso ndi vuto lolamulira matendawa ndipo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto ena azaumoyo monga matenda amtima, kusayenda bwino kwa miyendo ndi mapazi, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, ndi matenda amaso.

8. Kuchiza matenda a polycystic ovary (PCOS)

PCOS ndichomwe chimayambitsa kusabereka ndipo chimakhudza azimayi okwana 5 miliyoni aku US pazaka zawo zobereka. Azimayi omwe ali ndi vutoli amavutika kugwiritsa ntchito insulini bwino, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga. Oposa theka la azimayi omwe ali ndi PCOS amakhalanso ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri akafika zaka 40.

Anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa izi ayenera kukambirana ndi omwe amawapatsa chithandizo kuti awathandize, zomwe zingayambitsenso matenda awo ashuga.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu asinthe matenda ashuga?

Palibe nthawi yoikidwiratu yomwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 angayambe kuwona kulimbika kwawo kulipira. Mwambiri, akatswiri ashuga amati ndi mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa moyo, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuzindikira kusiyana kwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Zitha kutengamwezi umodzi kukhazikika m'magazi (kapena popanda mankhwala), ndiyeno miyezi ingapo kapena kupitilira apo kuti moyo usinthe.

Ndi ntchito yokwanira komanso nthawi, mutha kutero, akuti Stephanie Redmond, Pharm.D., CDE, BC-ADM, woyambitsa mnzake wa shuga.com . Mukakhala ndi matenda ashuga komanso momwe shuga yakhalira kwa nthawi yayitali, zimatha kukhala zovuta. A Redmond akuwonjezera kuti ngakhale atayesetsa bwanji, mwina mwina sizingatheke kuti ena atenge matenda ashuga. Minyewa yanu singathe kutulutsa insulini yomwe imafunikira. Palibe chifukwa chodzipanikizira kapena kudzimenya. Gwirani ntchito ndi omwe amakuthandizani paumoyo wanu pakapangidwe kabwino ka mankhwala.

An Mayeso a A1C Amayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hemoglobin a1c) miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayo. Hemoglobin A1C yochepera 5.7% ndiyabwino, pakati pa 5.7 ndi 6.4% ndichizindikiro cha ma prediabetes, ndipo 6.5% kapena kupitilira apo chikuwonetsa matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe amayang'anira matenda awo ashuga amtundu wa 2 ayenera kukayezetsa A1C kawiri pachaka komanso kangapo ngati angasinthe mankhwala kapena ali ndi matenda ena.

Anthu omwe akugwira ntchito yothetsera matenda a shuga amatha kuwona kusiyana kwa shuga m'magazi awo nthawi yomweyo ndikuyesedwa kuti abwerere ku njira zawo zakale. Osasokoneza izi, Redmond akutero. Mukasiya kudya shuga ndi ma carbs ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kukhala ndi shuga wotsika kapena wabwinobwino wamagazi pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Koma, zimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti zibwezeretse kuwonongeka komwe kapamba adakumana nako ndikuyamba kudula insulin yolimbana ndi thupi komanso dziko lotupa.

Matenda a shuga atha kubwerera. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali kale ndi jini yomwe imawapangitsa kuti insulini isagwirizane komanso atengeke ndi matendawa. Kuthetsa matenda ashuga kumafunika kuyesayesa kosalekeza kwa miyezi yambiri ndikusintha kwanthawi yayitali.

Ndani angandithandize kusintha matenda ashuga?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyamba ndi omwe amawasamalira kuti awathetsere matendawa komanso matenda ashuga. Wowapatsa angawafotokozere Matenda a shuga Kudzisamalira Kokha ndi Thandizo (DSMES) ntchito. Gulu la DSMES lachipatala limaphatikizapo ophunzitsa matenda ashuga monga madotolo, anamwino, odyetsa, asayansi, ndi ena othandizira zaumoyo omwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera. Gululi limathandiza odwala matenda ashuga kuti adziwe zambiri za matendawa komanso kasamalidwe ka shuga.