Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga 2021

Nkhani

Kodi matenda a shuga ndi chiyani? | Kodi matenda a shuga amapezeka bwanji? | Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga ku America | Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga ndi boma | Ziwerengero zamatenda amtundu wa shuga | Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga ndi zaka | Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga chifukwa cha mtundu komanso fuko | Mavuto wamba | Mtengo | Kupewa | Mafunso | Kafukufuku

Matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi magazi okwera kwambiri. Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda ashuga, koma iliyonse imakhudza kusakwanitsa kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga pofuna mphamvu. Tsoka ilo, matenda a shuga akuchulukirachulukira ku America komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Zafala motani? Pemphani kuti muwerenge zowerengera zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zowona za shuga ku US.

Kodi matenda a shuga ndi chiyani?

Glucose ndi gawo lofunikira pantchito zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Thupi lathu limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, koma izi zimafunikira hormone yotchedwa insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Insulini ili ngati taxi ya shuga - imatenga shuga kuchokera m'magazi ndikuyitsogolera kumaselo athu, omwe amaliza ntchitoyi powasandutsa mphamvu. Wina akadwala matenda a shuga, thupi lake silingatulutse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulini moyenera, zomwe zimasiya shuga m'magazi awo.

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi insulin imawononga ndalama zingati?

Kodi matenda a shuga amapezeka bwanji?

Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndizofala motani? Tiyeni tiwone:

• Mu 1980, anthu 108 miliyoni padziko lonse adadwala matenda ashuga. Pofika chaka cha 2014, chiwerengerochi chidakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni. (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020)
• Akuluakulu pafupifupi 700 miliyoni padziko lonse adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga pofika chaka cha 2045. (International Diabetes Federation [IDF], 2020)
• China ili ndi chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri cha matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe anthu 116 miliyoni ali ndi matenda ashuga. China ikutsatira India (anthu 77 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga) kenako United States (anthu 31 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga). (Atlas ya Matenda a Shuga, 2019)

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga ku America

• Oposa 34 miliyoni aku America ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe ndi pafupifupi 11% ya anthu aku US. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020)
• Pamasekondi 17 aliwonse, waku America amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga. ( American Journal of Managed Care, 2018)
• Pali milandu 1.5 miliyoni yatsopano ya matenda ashuga ku United States chaka chilichonse. (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2020)

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga ndi boma

Maiko omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi awa:

• West Virginia (15.7%)
• Chitipa (14.8%)
• Alabama (14%)
• Tennessee (13.8%)
• Mzinda wa Arkansas (13.6%)
• South Carolina (13.4%)
• Kentucky (13.3%)
• Chigawo cha Columbia (12.8%)
• Louisiana (14.1%)
• Texas (12.6%)
• Indiana (12.4%)

Maiko omwe ali ndi anthu otsika kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi awa:

• Colorado (7%)
• Kasulu (7.3%)
• Montana (7.6%)
• Kuyenda (7.8%)
• Utah (8%)
• Chitipa (8.4%)
• Oregon (8.6%)
• Wisconsin (8.7%)
• Vermont (8.7%)
• Zolemba (8.7%)

(Boma la kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana *, 2020)
* Ziwerengerozo ndizokhudza milandu yayikulu, yomwe idasinthidwa mu Seputembara 2020

Ziwerengero zamatenda amtundu wa shuga

Pali mitundu inayi ya matenda ashuga:

• Type 1 shuga: Kuukira kwadzidzidzi kwama cell kapamba kumawalepheretsa kupanga insulin, chifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi Type 1 amafunika kuwombera insulini tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amapezeka ana ndi achinyamata, koma imatha kuwonekera mwa akulu.
• Type 2 matenda ashuga: Anthu omwe ali ndi Type 2 amatha kupanga insulin, koma matupi awo amakana. Shuga wamagazi akakhala wokwera nthawi zonse, kapamba amapitirizabe kutulutsa insulini, ndipo pamapeto pake, maselo amakhala owonekera kwambiri. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wa matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka mwa akulu; komabe, kuchuluka kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mwa ana ndi kuwonjezeka .
• Gestational shuga: Mtundu uwu umangobwera mwa amayi apakati ndipo nthawi zambiri umatha pambuyo pobereka; komabe, theka la akazi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe azitha kutenga matenda azakadwala amayamba kudwala matenda amtundu wachiwiri pambuyo pake. Chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo zolimbitsa thupi zolimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala komanso dongosolo la chakudya. Nthawi zina kuyezetsa magazi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi jakisoni wa insulin kumafunika.
• Matenda a shuga: Prediabetes sikuti kwenikweni ndi matenda ashuga. Zili ngati zotsogola. Magazi a munthu wodwala matenda a shuga amakhala pamwambapa, koma osakwera mokwanira kuti athe kupeza matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga itha kuthandizira kupewa matenda amtundu wa Type 2 pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusamalira nkhawa.

Umu ndi m'mene matenda amtundu uliwonse aliri:

• Mwa akuluakulu 34.2 miliyoni aku US omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 7.3 miliyoni a iwo sapezeka. (ADA, 2020)
• Akuluakulu pafupifupi 88 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a shuga, 34.5% mwa anthu achikulire aku US. (CDC, 2020)
• Pafupifupi 7% ya amayi apakati amatenga matenda ashuga. (Marichi wa Dimes, 2019)
• Theka la azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga opitilira muyeso adzapitiliza matenda amtundu wa 2 pambuyo pake. (CDC, 2019)
• Anthu aku America okwana 1.6 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1, omwe amaphatikizapo ana ndi achinyamata 187,000. (ADA, 2020)
• Pafupifupi 90% mpaka 95% ya milandu yonse ya matenda ashuga ku US ndi mtundu 2. (CDC, 2019)

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga ndi zaka

Pali kufalikira kwakukulu kwa matenda ashuga pakati pa anthu okalamba, makamaka pa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2, omwe amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti apange.

• Mwa anthu aku America omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, 3.6 miliyoni ali ndi zaka 18 mpaka 44, 11.7 miliyoni ali ndi zaka 45 mpaka 64, ndipo 11.5 miliyoni ndi akulu kuposa 65. (CDC, 2020)
• Pali milandu 210,000 yopezeka ndi matenda a shuga pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata ochepera zaka 20, kuphatikiza milandu 187,000 ya Type 1 shuga. (CDC, 2020)
• Mwa aku America omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga osadziwika, 1.4 miliyoni ndi 18 mpaka 44, 3.1 miliyoni ndi 45 mpaka 64, ndipo 2.9 miliyoni ndi akulu kuposa 65. (CDC, 2020)
• Pafupifupi achikulire 24.2 miliyoni azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo ali ndi matenda a shuga. (CDC, 2020)

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga chifukwa cha mtundu komanso fuko

Kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kumasiyananso pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mafuko osiyanasiyana. Umu ndi momwe kuchuluka kwa omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga amathera:

• Amwenye Achimereka / Amwenye a Alaska: 14.7%
• Ochita zamatsenga: 12.5%
• Anthu akuda osakhala ku Puerto Rico: 11.7%
• Anthu aku Asia America: 9.2%
• Azungu osakhala achi Puerto Rico: 7.5%

(ADA, 2020)

Ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi ma prediabetes ndi awa:

• Azungu osakhala achi Puerto Rico: 54.8 miliyoni
• Anthu a ku Puerto Rico: 14.6 miliyoni
• Osakhala Achipanishi: 11.4 miliyoni
• Anthu aku Asia-America: 5 miliyoni

(CDC, 2020)

Matenda a shuga wamba

Matenda a shuga si matenda ofooketsa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kuchita zonse zomwe amakonda, bola atakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Komabe, kukhala ndi matenda a shuga ndizovuta tsiku lililonse, akutero Sharita E.Warfield, MD , dokotala wodziwika bwino wazachipatala komanso woyambitsa ndi CEO wa Warfield Medical Group. [Munthu payekha] atha kusankha kuthana ndi vutoli mwachindunji ndikusintha momwe amafunikira pamoyo wawo komanso kusintha kwa zakudya kapena kupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo momwe amadyera chifukwa samva kuwawa.

Iwo omwe asankha kusintha akuyenera kufunsa mafunso ngati, Kodi ndi ma carbs ambiri mosalekeza? Kodi yawonjezera shuga? Kodi ndikupeza fiber yokwanira? Kenako, ayenera kudziwa momwe angawonjezere kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, njira zowonongera, komanso momwe angapewere zinthu zapoizoni monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa kapena zinthu zotsekemera zomwe ambiri amatembenukira kuti ziwatonthoze. Osati zokhazo, koma munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akuyeneranso kukumbukira kumwa insulin, mapiritsi amkamwa, kapena zonse ziwiri, ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lililonse. Zitha kuwoneka ngati ntchito yambiri, koma njira zina ndizopatsa chidwi. Matenda ashuga amatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena azaumoyo, monga awa:

• M'modzi mwa anthu 5 omwe anafunsidwa kafukufuku ananena kuti zizindikiro zawo zachepetsa moyo wawo wonse. Omwe afunsidwayo ananenanso kuti ali ndi matenda a impso komanso matenda a chiwindi osakhala mowa. (Osakwatira, 2020)
• Mu 2017, matenda ashuga anali chifukwa chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha imfa ku America. Idalembedwa kuti ndiomwe imayambitsa kufa kwa zikalata zakufa 83,564 ndipo idatchulidwa pazitupa zonse za 270,702. (ADA, 2020)
• Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala pachiwopsezo chowirikiza kawiri kapena katatu chiwopsezo cha mtima ndi zilonda. (WHO, 2020)
• Panali maulendo 16 miliyoni okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga ku 2016 pakati pa achikulire azaka 18 kapena kupitirira. (CDC, 2020)
• Panali odwala 7.8 miliyoni omwe amatuluka ndi matenda ashuga omwe amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amapezeka. Mwa zotulutsazi, 1,7 miliyoni adalembanso matenda akulu amtima, kuphatikiza 438,000 matenda amischemic amitima ndi zikwapu 313,000. (CDC, 2020)
• Mwa achikulire aku US azaka zapakati pa 18 kapena kupitilira apo omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 37% analinso ndi matenda a impso. (CDC, 2020)
• Matenda a shuga (kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali m'mitsempha yamagazi) amachititsa 2.6% ya masomphenya kutayika padziko lonse lapansi. (WHO, 2020)
• 85% ya anthu odulidwa phazi padziko lapansi ndi chifukwa cha chilonda chakumapazi cha matenda ashuga. ( American Journal of Managed Care, 2018)
• Anthu aku Africa ku America ali ndi mwayi wochulukirapo kanayi kuposa azungu odulidwa chifukwa chokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga. ( American Journal of Managed Care, 2018)
• Tsiku lililonse, anthu aku America a 230 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amafuna kudulidwa. ( American Journal of Managed Care, 2018)

ZOKHUDZA: Mankhwala a shuga ndi mankhwala

Mtengo wa matenda ashuga

• Mu 2020, 54% ya omwe anafunsidwa kafukufuku adalipira m'thumba chifukwa cha chisamaliro chawo chonse cha matenda ashuga. (Osakwatira, 2020)
• Mtengo wokwanira wa 2017 wopezeka ndi matenda ashuga ku US unali $ 327 biliyoni. (ADA, 2020)
• Kuchokera mu 2012 mpaka 2017, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga adawona ndalama zawo zochiritsira zikuwonjezeka kuchoka pa $ 8,417 mpaka $ 9,601. (CDC, 2020)
• 1 mwa madola 4 alionse azachipatala omwe amakhala ku US ndi osamalira matenda ashuga. (ADA, 2018)
• Pafupifupi, ndalama zomwe amawononga anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndizoposa kawiri kuposa momwe zikanakhalira ngati alibe matenda ashuga. (ADA, 2020)

ZOKHUDZA: Momwe mungapezere zinthu zaulele za shuga

Kupewa matenda ashuga

Mtundu wa shuga 2 ukufalikira modabwitsa, koma nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti imatha kupewedwa (ndipo prediabetes amatha kusinthidwa ). Njira yabwino yosungira izi ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

• Matenda ashuga amatha kuwonjezera ngozi yakugwa. Munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga yemwe ali wamkulu kuposa 65 amakhala ndi mwayi wokugwa nthawi 17 kuposa wamkulu yemwe alibe matenda ashuga. (UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 2017) Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungachepetse kugwa ndi 28% mpaka 29%. ( Chisamaliro cha shuga, 2016)
• Anthu omwe adataya 5% mpaka 7% yolemera thupi ndikuwonjezera mphindi 150 zolimbitsa thupi sabata iliyonse amachepetsa chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri mpaka 58%, mpaka 71% ya anthu okulirapo kuposa 60. (National Diabetes Prevention Program, 2018 )
• Zochita zolimbikira (kugwiritsa ntchito zolemera zaulere, makina olemera, magulu osagwirizana, ndi zina zambiri) zowonjezera mphamvu kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi 50% ndikusintha A1C ndi 0.57%. ( Chisamaliro cha shuga, 2016)
• Azimayi odwala matenda ashuga omwe amachita maora osachepera anayi pasabata anali ndi chiopsezo chotsika 40% chodwala matenda amtima kuposa omwe sanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi. (Harvard)

Zina mwaziwopsezo sizingapeweke, koma zina sizitero. Kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino kumathandizira ambiri mwa iwo. Payekha, anthu amatha kupewa kapena kupititsa patsogolo matenda ashuga kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mwa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphindi 150 mpaka 300 pa sabata yolimbitsa thupi, Dr. Warfield akuti. Kutengera kusintha kwamakhalidwe amenewa mudakali aang'ono kumathandizira kukonza moyo wabwino komanso kupewa kuyambika kwa ma prediabetes, omwe pamapeto pake amatsogolera ku mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ngati palibe chomwe chachitika.

Mafunso ndi mayankho a matenda ashuga

Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga?

Malinga ndi CDC, akulu 463 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi. Ku United States kokha, akulu 34.2 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a shuga, 10.5% ya anthu.

Ndi anthu ati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ambiri?

Ku US, Amwenye aku America / Amwenye a ku Alaska ali ndi matenda ashuga kwambiri pa 14.7%, malinga ndi ADA.

Kodi matenda a shuga akuchuluka?

Pakati pa 1990 ndi 2010, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga chidachulukirachulukirachulukira ndipo kuchuluka kwa odwala atsopano kawiri pachaka. Gulu lofufuzira ku Institute for Alternative Futures amaneneratu Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu aku America omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (kuphatikiza omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga osadziwika) adzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 35.6 miliyoni mu 2015 mpaka 54.9 miliyoni mu 2030.

Kodi ziwerengero zina za achinyamata za matenda ashuga ndi ziti?

Achinyamata odziwika bwino monga matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1, matenda ashuga achinyamata amapezeka mwa ana ndipo amayang'aniridwa ndi kuwombera kwa insulin tsiku ndi tsiku. Pafupifupi anthu aku America okwana 1.6 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1, kuphatikiza achichepere 200,000, ndipo pali milandu pafupifupi 64,000 pachaka. Malinga ndi JDRF, pakati pa 2001 ndi 2009, panali kuwonjezeka kwa 21% mu mtundu wa 1 matenda ashuga mwa anthu ochepera zaka 20.

Ndi anthu ati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri?

Ambiri (90% mpaka 95%) a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga.

Kodi anthu amafa bwanji ndi matenda ashuga?

Anthu samwalira ndi matenda ashuga mwachindunji. Ndizotheka kuti wina yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amwalira ndi zovuta ndi ziwalo zina. Mwachitsanzo, shuga wambiri m'magazi amatha kuwononga impso kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impso zitheke. Ndipo popeza kuti matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda amtima, kulephera kwa mtima, komanso kupwetekedwa ndi zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1, matenda omwe amatchedwa kuti diabetic ketoacidosis (kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi) amatha kupha mwadzidzidzi.

Ndi anthu angati omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga chaka chilichonse?

Matenda a shuga adapha anthu mamiliyoni 4.2 padziko lonse lapansi mu 2019. Pafupifupi ku US, anthu 83,564 adamwalira ndi matenda ashuga ku 2017.

Ndi anthu angati omwe amanenedweratu kuti adzadwala matenda a shuga mtsogolo?

IDF inaneneratu kuti anthu mamiliyoni 700 padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga pofika 2045.

Kafukufuku wa matenda ashuga

• Kafukufuku wa matenda ashuga akuwonetsa zizindikiritso za odwala m'modzi mwa odwala asanu , Osasamala
• Ma Atlasi a shuga a IDF , IDF
• Zambiri za matenda ashuga , CDC
• Lipoti ladziko lonse la matenda ashuga , CDC
• Type 2 matenda ashuga , CDC
• Chiwerengero cha anthu aku America omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akuti awonjezeka kawiri kapena katatu pofika 2050 , CDC
• Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga , Mabungwe a Zaumoyo
• Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga , PALI
• Matenda a shuga , Marichi wa Dimes
• Matenda a shuga ku United States , Boma la Kulemera Kwambiri Paubwana
• Kudziwitsa anthu zambiri za Mwezi wa Matenda a shuga kumatha kupulumutsa miyendo ndi miyoyo , American Journal of Care Kusamalira
• Ndalama zachuma za matenda ashuga ku US mu 2017 , Chisamaliro cha shuga ndi ADA
• Matenda a shuga , WHO
• Zambiri zokhudza matenda ashuga , IDF
• Lembani zowona zaku 1 shuga , JDRF (yemwe kale ankadziwika kuti Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation)
• Kufunika kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mukakhala ndi matenda ashuga , Harvard
• Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga amakulitsa ngozi yakugwa , UC Berkeley Sukulu Yathanzi Labwino
• Kutenga nawo mbali , Dongosolo La National Diabetes Prevention
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi / kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso matenda ashuga , Chisamaliro cha shuga ndi ADA