Kodi maantibayotiki amayang'anira chiyani? Momwe mungachitire izi

Zambiri Zamankhwala

Muli ndi chifuwa choipa, mphuno yodzaza, ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Mumapita kukaonana ndi omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo ndikupempha mankhwala opha tizilombo. Wosamalira kwanu amakana kukupatsani mankhwala ndikukufotokozerani kuti muli ndi kachilombo. Kutanthauza, chithandizo chabwino kwambiri ndikupuma, madzi, ndi mankhwala ena a OTC. Nchiyani chimapereka? Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha kuyang'anira maantibayotiki.

Ngati zomwe muli nazo zilidi ndi kachilombo, ndiye maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito -Zili ndi matenda okhawo a bakiteriya. Mutha kusiya ofesi ya omwe amakupatsani thanzi ndikukhumudwitsidwa chifukwa chokhala ndi mankhwala oti mugone ndikusungunuka m'malo mwa imodzi amoxicillin . Koma, podalira chiweruzo cha wodwalayo, mukuchitanso bwino za maantibayotiki.

Ndikofunikira chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kosayenera kwa maantibayotiki kumatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala komanso odwala. Nayi chidziwitso cha zomwe kuyang'anira maantibayotiki kumatanthauza komanso njira zonse zomwe mungatenge nawo mbali polimbikitsa izi.

Kodi kuyang'anira maantibayotiki kumatanthauza chiyani?

Utsogoleri wa maantibayotiki, womwe nthawi zina umatchulidwanso kuti antimicrobial steward, ndi mgwirizano wothandizana ndi othandizira azaumoyo kuti athe kulandira mankhwala oyenera a maantibayotiki. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka maantibayotiki pokhapokha ngati akufunikira (mwachitsanzo, matenda a bakiteriya, osati ma virus), kupereka maantibayotiki oyenera a kachilomboka, ndi kupereka mlingo woyenera komanso Kutalika kwa chithandizo cha maantibayotiki , mwa zina.

Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), yoyang'ana kwambiri pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala moyenera :

• Bwino mankhwala a matenda bakiteriya
• Amateteza odwala ku zovuta zina zosafunikira
• Kuchepetsa mtundu wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso komwe kumabweretsa mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Kulemba madokotala kumatanthauza bwino-amafuna kukonza anthu, ndipo kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa maantibayotiki ambiri ndi ochepa chifukwa amakhala otetezeka komanso otsika mtengo, akufotokoza Amethodisti a ku Houston Katswiri wa matenda opatsirana Richard Harris, MD.

Vutoli, akutero Dr. Harris, amabwera pamene ambiri mwa odwala omwe mukuwayesa sikufuna chithandizo chomwe mukuwapatsa: Mukufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti simukuphonya kena kalikonse, koma mumatha kupitirira 50 [ odwala] kwa wodwala aliyense amene akufunikira kuthandizidwa.

Kodi maantibayotiki adayamba liti?

Chifukwa pali mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito odwala opatsirana pogonana opitilira muyeso komanso opatsirana kuchipatala, ntchito zantchito zakhazikitsidwa mdziko lonseli kuti muchepetse kupatsira anthu mankhwala osafunikira. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti madongosolowa adagwira ntchito yotani kupita kuchipatala chilichonse chachikulu ndi malo azaumoyo ku United States, koma Dr. Harris akuti ntchitoyi idadutsa kalekale (kuyambira 2018, pafupifupi 85% ya zipatala mdziko lonse anali kukumana ndi malangizo a CDC).

Sosaiti ya Healthcare Epidemiology of America ( SHEA ) ndi bungwe lina lomwe limalimbikitsa mapulogalamu antimicrobial oyang'anira, kupereka zida ndi zothandizira kwa akatswiri azaumoyo kuti akwaniritse muzipatala zosamalirako anthu komanso malo osamalira anthu kwakanthawi mdziko lonselo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, SHEA imanena kuti mapulogalamuwa amalimbikitsa zotsatira za odwala, amachepetsa kukana kwa maantibayotiki, ndikuchepetsa matenda opatsirana azaumoyo pakati pazinthu zina zabwino.

Kathryn A. Boling, MD, wothandizira wamkulu ndi Chifundo Medical Center ku Baltimore, akuvomereza, kunena kuti kusintha kwa chidwi kwa maantibayotiki kumagwiritsa ntchito kusintha pang'ono pang'ono poyankha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosagonjetsedwa, kufunikira kowonjezeka kogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki amphamvu, olowa m'malo mwa omwe amamwa pakamwa, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

Anthu akuponya maantibayotiki awo mchimbudzi kapena akukodza pang'ono mankhwalawa, ndipo akuwononga madzi omwe timamwa, akutero. [Zinthu zonsezi pamodzi] zinali zokwanira kuti madokotala anene kuti 'uh-oh.'

Mu 2014, CDC idayamba kukhazikitsa malangizo ndi malingaliro amomwe madera azachipatala, kuchokera kuzipatala kupita ku maofesi opitilira odwala, angaphunzitse madotolo ndi odwala momwe angagwiritsire ntchito maantibayotiki kudzera mu mapulogalamu oyang'anira.

Mitundu itatu yothandizira maantibayotiki

Mu Mapulogalamu Oyang'anira Ntchito Zoyang'anira Ma Antibayotiki Achipatala , CDC idakhazikitsa mitundu itatu yayikulu yantchito zantchito zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki: njira zazikulu, njira zoyendetsera mankhwala, ndi njira zina zothandizirana ndi matenda ndi ma syndromes.

1. Njira zazikulu Kuphatikizira kulandila chilolezo choyambirira cholemba mankhwala enaake, kuwunika milandu yokhudza maantibayotiki, ndikuwunikanso maantibayotiki omwe akuperekedwa pomwe chidziwitso cha matenda chikusonkhanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mumapatsidwa ciprofloxacin m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa chodwala matenda a impso pomwe ntchito yanu yamagazi imatumizidwa ku labu; Zotsatira zanu zikabweranso, dokotala amene akukulemberaniko abwerezanso zambiri kuti awone ngati akadali mankhwala abwino kwambiri kwa inu.
2. Njira zothandizira ma Pharmacy Phatikizani kusintha kwa maantibayotiki, kuyang'ana njira zochiritsira zofananira komanso kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, ndikuthandizira kusintha kuchokera ku IV kupita ku maantibayotiki apakamwa.
3. Njira zotengera matenda / matenda perekani malangizo omveka bwino kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pofuna kuchiza matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi mbiri yakugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, kuphatikiza: chibayo chopezeka mderalo, matenda am'mikodzo, matenda apakhungu ndi ofewa, Matenda a MRSA , Clostridium difficile matenda (C. diff), ndi matenda am'magazi omwe atsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe.

Ngati njira zitatu zonsezi zikukhazikitsidwa, zikutsatira kuti chipatala chidzawona kugwiritsa ntchito kwake maantibayotiki. Koma kulowereraku sikungopindulidwa pongogwedeza wand wamatsenga. Mzipatala ziyenera kuyika ndalama popanga pulogalamu yolimba ya maantibayotiki potengera zinthu zingapo zofunika kutchulidwa ndi CDC. Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'malo ena azaumoyo, koma zimangokhala zomwezo ngati ntchito yoyang'anira ikuchitika m'malo ogona kapena odwala.

Chigawo	Chipatala	Nyumba Yoyamwitsa	Kukhazikitsa Kwachipatala
Utsogoleri	Dziperekeni pakupereka zothandizira anthu, zachuma, ndi ukadaulo	Dziperekeni pakulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ndikufotokozera kudzipereka kwanu kwa ogwira nawo ntchito, okhalamo, ndi mabanja	Sankhani mtsogoleri m'modzi ndi / kapena onaninso kuyang'anira kufotokozera ntchito
Kuyankha mlandu	Wotsogolera dokotala m'modzi adasankhidwa	Chitani nawo oyang'anira zamankhwala, director director, ndi ena othandizira kuti athandizire kuyesayesa	Lankhulani kwambiri ndi odwala za zoyeserera kudzera pamakalata komanso zokambirana pamasom'pamaso
Katswiri wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo	Mtsogoleri wamankhwala mmodzi adasankhidwa	Funsani ndi kuthandizana ndi akatswiri am'magawo opatsirana	Apatseni madokotala mwayi wokaonana ndi akatswiri pamalo kapena pawebusayiti
Ntchito	Gwiritsani ntchito njira imodzi yomwe ingayesedwe pafupipafupi	Pangani mapulani oti mugwiritse ntchito njira imodzi kapena zingapo mwanjira zitatuzi	Gwiritsani ntchito umboni wokhudzana ndi umboni, kuyembekezera mwachidwi, ndi kutsika kwaposachedwa kwa matenda opatsirana
Kutsata	Tsatirani njira zoperekera ndi kukana	Tsatani kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ndi zotsatira zake	Dziwunikireni nokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yotsatirira / kupereka malipoti
Kulengeza	Ogwira ntchito onse akudziwitsidwa za kupita patsogolo	palibe	Dziwunikireni nokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yotsatirira / kupereka malipoti
Maphunziro	Ogwira ntchito onse ophunzitsidwa bwino amaphunzitsidwa kutolera maudindo	Gwiritsani ntchito mapepala, maupangiri, maimelo, ndi malo ophunzitsira onse ogwira nawo ntchito, okhalamo komanso mabanja	Phunzitsani odwala ndi zida ndikukambirana ndi anthu; perekani mwayi wopitiliza maphunziro kwa asing'anga

Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira

Ubwino wamapulogalamu oyang'anira maantibayotiki, kupatula kuchepa kwodziwika kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa, amagwiranso ntchito kwa anthu komanso anthu ammudzi, atero Dr. Boling.

Kwa wodwala payekha, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika maantibayotiki kungatanthauze kuti:

• Khalani ndi nthawi yovuta kuti muchotse matendawa ngati abwerera
• Khalani odwala ndi matenda opatsirana ndi maantibayotiki omwe sangachiritsidwe mosavuta
• Pamapeto pake mumakhala ndi zovuta zoyambitsa maantibayotiki, kuyambira kunyansidwa ndi kutsegula m'mimba mpaka matenda a yisiti , anaphylaxis, kulephera kwa impso, kapena matenda a C. diff (bakiteriya omwe amayambitsa kutsekula m'mimba komanso kutupa m'matumbo)

Pamlingo wokulira, wathanzi, kupereka molakwika maantibayotiki:

• Kuchulukitsa kukana kwa maantibayotiki ndi matenda a C. difficile kwathunthu
• Kukweza ndalama zothandizira
• Kumachepetsa zotsatira zachitetezo cha wodwala
• Kusiya aliyense amene ali pachiwopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa

Kuchuluka kwa zipatala ndi zipatala zomwe zimakhazikitsa mapulogalamu oyang'anira maantibayotiki, zimathandizanso kuti gulu lonse lithandizire. Chokhacho chonyenga ndikuwunika momwe mapulogalamuwa alili othandiza. Dr. Boling ndi Harris onse akunena kuti kuyambira pano, palibe njira yovomerezeka yowonera ngati kuyesetsa kukuyenda. Ngati chipatala chitha kunena kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki-kapena kuchepetsa zochitika zoyipa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki-omwe amawoneka ngati opambana.

Dr. Boling akuwonjezeranso kuti madotolo omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira maantibayotiki amatha kudziyesa pawokha: Monga dokotala, mutha kudziyang'ana pawokha. Nthawi zambiri ndimatha kudziwa [kusiyana pakati pa kachilombo ka bakiteriya ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya] ndi mayeso anga, koma ngati ndili ndi wodwala amene akuumirira kuti china chake chikuchitika, ndimayitanitsa X-ray pachifuwa kuti nditsimikizire. Nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amafunikira maantibayotiki.

Momwe odwala ndi operekera amatha kugwirira ntchito limodzi

Ngati mukudabwa momwe mungachitire gawo lanu kuti muchepetse mankhwala ophera maantibayotiki, ndizosavuta kuposa momwe mungaganizire.

1. Osapangana nthawi yaying'ono pachilichonse. Odwala amatha kusiya kufunsa maantibayotiki mphindi akangoyamba kununkhiza, atero Dr. Boling. Ngati mulibe malungo kapena matenda sanachitike kwa masiku 10 kapena kupitilira apo, mwayi wake ndi wochepa muyenera maantibayotiki.
2. Musayitane ku ofesi ya omwe amakupatsani zaumoyo ndikupempha ogwira ntchito kuti ayitanitse mankhwala popanda mayeso. Matenda ambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki mopitirira muyeso, monga matenda am'mikodzo, amayenera kupezeka ndi chikhalidwe mankhwala asanalembedwe.
3. Khulupirirani omwe akukuthandizani. Dr. Harris akunena kuti ngati anthu ambiri amadalira chiweruzo cha dokotala wawo, kukana chidwi chakukhumudwitsidwa pomwe dokotala wawo akuti matenda awo ali ndi kachilombo kokha, madotolo sangakakamizike kuchiza odwala awo mosafunikira maantibayotiki.
4. Khalani osangalala ndi katemera wanu. M'zaka zanga zogwirira ntchito, chinthu chopindulitsa kwambiri chomwe chimathandiza odwala matenda opatsirana ndi katemera, atero Dr. Harris. Matenda ocheperako omwe mumalandira, mumakhala ocheperako kufunafuna maantibayotiki pomwe simukumva bwino, ndikuchepetsa mwayi wanu wolandila mankhwala omwe simukufunikira kwenikweni.

China chimodzi: Novembala lililonse, World Health Organisation (WHO) imakondwerera Sabata Yodziwitsa za Maantibayotiki, kulimbikitsa malo onse azaumoyo, opereka chithandizo, komanso anthu wamba kuti awonjezere maphunziro awo za mphamvu ya maantibayotiki — ndi momwe, ngati mphamvuyo singagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera, zitha kubweretsa zovuta pazonse.

Mu 2020, Sabata Yodziwitsa Antibiotic idzakondwerera kuyambira Novembala 11 mpaka 17. Pitani ku WHO tsamba la webusayiti kuti mudziwe zambiri zamomwe mungachitire izi kunyumba kwanu, kuofesi ya azachipatala, kuchipatala, kapena mdera lanu.