Ziwerengero zamatenda amtima 2021

Nkhani

Kodi matenda a mtima ndi chiyani? | Kodi matenda a mtima ndi ofala motani? | Ziwerengero zamatenda apadziko lonse lapansi | Ziwerengero za matenda a mtima ku U.S. | Ziwerengero za matenda amtima pogonana | Ziwerengero za matenda amtima mwa mtundu | Ziwerengero za matenda a mtima / ziwalo | Zoyambitsa, zoopsa, ndi chithandizo | Mafunso | Kafukufuku

Mtima ndi chithunzi, chomwe chimakongoletsa makadi a moni, chimawonekera m'mawindo ogulitsira zodzikongoletsera, kapena chimakhudza kwambiri meseji yachikondi. Zimayimira chikondi, chidwi, ndi kudzipereka. Ndipo ndichifukwa chakuti ndi chiwalo chathu chofunikira kwambiri. Kufunika kwa mtima kumapitilira maumboni a emoji komanso mapangidwe omanga mapepala-ndi injini yokhwimitsa nkhonya yomwe imapangitsa matupi athu kupita.

Mavuto amtima amatanthauza mavuto mthupi lonse, motero ndizomveka chifukwa chake matenda amtima ndi nkhawa yodziwika bwino yokhudza thanzi la anthu. Kaya tikulankhula za kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka, mavuto amitsempha yamagazi, kapena matenda amtima, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimawopsa, zizindikilo, ndi mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi matenda amtima.

ZOKHUDZA: Zizindikiro 13 zamavuto amtima woyenera kuda nkhawa

Kodi matenda a mtima ndi chiyani?

Matenda amtima, amatchedwanso matenda amtima (CVD), ndi ambulera yomwe imakhudza mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhudza mtima. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda amisala yamtima (cardiomyopathy), kugunda kwamtima kosafunikira (arrhythmia), ndi zotengera zamagazi monga zotumphukira kapena matenda amitsempha yamitsempha. Pafupifupi theka la anthu aku America ali ndi mtundu wina wamatenda amtima.

Matenda ambiri amtima amayamba chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa magwiridwe antchito amtima. Kuchuluka kwa zipilala, kuundana kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol, ndi kunenepa kwambiri zonse zimatha kuyambitsa matenda amtima. Zambiri mwazimenezi zimatha kupewedwa chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso zakudya zabwino.

Matenda aliwonse amakhala ndi zizindikilo zosiyana, koma zizindikilo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika, kupuma pang'ono, kufooka kapena kuzizira, kutopa, komanso kupepuka. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala atha kufunsa za izi ngati gawo la mayeso athunthu kuti athe kuzindikira matenda amtima. Angathenso kuyitanitsa kuyezetsa magazi, kuyesa kupsinjika, electrocardiogram (EKG), kapena kuyesa kuyerekezera monga X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound, kapena MRI.

Kodi matenda a mtima ndi ofala motani?

• Matenda a mtima ndi omwe amachititsa imfa padziko lapansi. Mu 2016, anthu mamiliyoni 17.6 adamwalira ndi ma CVD, omwe amaphatikizapo 31% yakufa padziko lonse lapansi. (World Health Organisation, 2016)
• Matenda a mtima ndi omwe amafa kwambiri ku US, ndikupha anthu pafupifupi 647,000 pachaka. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019)
• Pafupifupi anthu 121.5 miliyoni aku US ali ndi matenda amtima. (American Heart Association, 2019)

Ziwerengero zamatenda apadziko lonse lapansi

• Oposa 75% aimfa yokhudzana ndi CVD imachitika m'maiko otsika ndi apakati. (World Health Organisation, 2017)
• World Heart Federation ilosera zakufa zopitilira 23 miliyoni zokhudzana ndi CVD pachaka ndi 2030. (World Heart Federation, 2019)

Ziwerengero zamatenda amtima aku America

• Munthu m'modzi mwa anthu anayi alionse amwalira ku United States chifukwa cha matenda amtima. Imeneyo ndi imfa pamasekondi 37 aliwonse. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019)
• Pofika chaka cha 2035, American Heart Association ikufuna kuti anthu opitilira 130 miliyoni aku US azikhala ndi matenda amtima. (American Mtima Association, 2018)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndiye matenda amtima omwe amapezeka ku US, pomwe anthu 45% (pafupifupi anthu 108 miliyoni aku America) amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa. (Miliyoni Mitima, 2017)
• Pafupifupi anthu 18.2 miliyoni aku US ali ndi mtsempha wamagazi, ndipo anthu aku America aku 805,000 amadwala matenda amtima chaka chilichonse. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019)

ZOKHUDZA: Chithandizo cha magazi ndi mankhwala

Ziwerengero za matenda amtima ndi boma

Maiko apamwamba a 10 omwe ali ndi chiwonetsero chazaka zakufa kwambiri cha CVD (pa 100,000 anthu) ndi awa:

1. Oklahoma (228.5)
2. Alabama (224.7)
3. Mississippi (222.1)
4. Mzinda wa Arkansas (217.4)
5. Louisiana (212.2)
6. Tennessee (202.4)
7. Kentucky (198.3)
8. West Virginia (196.4)
9. Michigan (195.0)
10. Ohio (191.1)

(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)

Ndipo akuti omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi awa:

1. West Virginia (43.5%)
2. Alabama (41.9%)
3. Mzinda wa Arkansas (41.3%)
4. Mississippi (40.8%)
5. Kentucky (39.4%)
6. Louisiana (39%)
7. Tennessee (38.7%)
8. South Carolina (38.1%)
9. Oklahoma (37.7%)
10. Indiana (35.2%)

(America's Health Rankings, 2019)

Pankhani yamatenda amtima, mayiko awa amakhala ndi zochulukirapo kwambiri pakati pa anthu awo:

1. West Virginia (8.6%)
2. Kentucky (6.7%)
3. Mzinda wa Arkansas (6.7%)
4. Tennessee (6.5%)
5. Maine (6.1%)
6. Alabama (6.1%)
7. Florida (6%)
8. Indiana (5.7%)
9. Oklahoma (5.6%)
10. Ohio (5.5%)

(America's Health Rankings, 2019)

Ziwerengero za matenda amtima pogonana

• Matenda a mtima ndi omwe amachititsa imfa ya abambo ndi amai ku US (American Heart Association, 2019)
• Mu 2017, matenda amtima adapha amuna 347,879 (1 mwa amuna anayi amafa) ndi akazi 299,578 (1 mwa amayi 5 amafa). (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017)
• Avereji ya zaka zomwe amuna adzadwala matenda a mtima ndi 65, pomwe kwa akazi, ndi zaka 72. (Harvard, 2016)
• Amayi azaka zapakati pa 45-65 omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa momwe amuna amwalira chaka chimodzi. Amayi azaka zopitilira 65 omwe amadwala nthenda yamtima ali pachiwopsezo chomwalira m'masabata ochepa kuposa amuna azaka zomwezo. (Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku US ndi Human Services, 2020)

Ziwerengero za matenda amtima mwa mafuko ndi mafuko

• 47% ya achikuda ku US ali ndi matenda amtima, komanso 30% ya akulu aku Spain aku US. (American College of Cardiology, 2018)
• Anthu achikuda omwe si a ku Puerto Rico ali ndi chiwerewere chachikulu cha CVD (208 amafa pa anthu 100,000), ndikutsatiridwa ndi achikulire oyera (168.9 pa 100,000), achikulire aku America Indian / Alaska (151.4 pa 100,000), achikulire aku Spain (114.1 pa 100,000), ndi Akuluakulu aku Asia / Pacific Islander (85.5 pa 100,000). (National Center for Health Statistics, 2017)
• Kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi 41.2% kwa achikuda akuda, 28% kwa azungu, 25.9% kwa achikulire aku Spain, ndi 24.9% kwa akulu aku Asia. (American College of Cardiology, 2018)

Matenda a mtima ndi ziwerengero za stroke

• Pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni ya mtima (myocardial infarctions) ndi zikwapu zimachitika ku United States chaka chilichonse. (Miliyoni Mitima, 2019)
• Wina ku US amadwala sitiroko pamasekondi 40 aliwonse, amawerengera kuti m'modzi mwa anthu 19 amwalira. (American Mtima Association, 2020)
• Matenda opatsirana amadzipha ndi 6.2 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi mu 2017. (American Heart Association, 2020)
• Chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi 605,000 matenda amtima atsopano ndi matenda a mtima 200,000 omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ku US (American Heart Association, 2020)
• Mu 2016, matenda amtima, zikwapu, ndi mtima kulephera zidapangitsa kuti 2,2 miliyoni agonekedwe. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018)
• Matenda oopsa a myocardial infarction a 260,000 oyendera zipinda zadzidzidzi mu 2017, ndipo matenda am'magazi amadzipangira ena 492,000. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017)

Mtengo wa matenda amtima

• Pakati pa 2014 ndi 2015, matenda amtima ndi sitiroko zidawononga United States $ 351.2 biliyoni pantchito zamankhwala, mankhwala, komanso kutaya zokolola chifukwa chakufa. (American Mtima Association, 2020)
• Ofufuza akuyembekeza kuti ndalama za CVD zidzafika $ 749 biliyoni pofika 2035. (American Heart Association, 2020)
• National Institutes of Health yagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa $ 1.4 biliyoni pakufufuza zamatenda amtima mu 2019. (National Institutes of Health, 2020)
• 1 m'madola 6 aliwonse azaumoyo amathera matenda amtima. (Miliyoni Mitima, 2019)
• Kugonekedwa mchipatala chifukwa cha matenda amtima kumawononga $ 53,384 apakati, ndipo kupitirira opaleshoni kumatha kutenga $ 85,891 mpaka $ 177,546. (American Heart Association, 2017)
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa amawononga pafupifupi $ 2,000 pachaka kuposa anzawo omwe alibe hypertension pazachipatala. (American Mtima Association, 2018)

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima

Tsopano popeza tili ndi manambala oganiza bwino, tiyeni tifike pamuzu wa nkhaniyi. Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda amtima poyamba? Pali mndandanda wautali wazinthu zowopsa pamtima; zina zimatha kuwongoleredwa pomwe zina sizitheka. Mwachitsanzo, zaka, mtundu, komanso mbiri yazaumoyo wabanja zitha kuyika wina pachiwopsezo chachikulu, koma sizosankha zaumwini. Komabe, pali zifukwa zambiri zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe timasankha, monga:

• Kusagwira ntchito
• Zakudya zosapatsa thanzi
• Kusuta fodya
• Cholesterol wokwera
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a shuga
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kumwa mowa

Ndipo si zokhazo. Malo okhala munthu atha kukhudzanso thanzi la mtima. Zomwe zimakhazikika monga umphawi, kusowa nyumba, maphunziro, komanso kusowa kwa inshuwaransi zitha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa thanzi la mtima wamunthu. Popanda mwayi wopeza zinthu zakuthupi komanso kutha kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri, munthu amatha kudwala matenda amtima.

Momwe mungapewere matenda amtima

Palibe kusintha kwa banja kapena zaka, koma pali njira zambiri zotetezera matenda amtima. Zakudya ndiye mwala wapangodya wopewa matenda amtima, ndipo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndichosewerera china, akutero Anthony Kaveh , MD, katswiri wazamankhwala wophatikizidwa.

Kuyang'anitsitsa mafuta m'thupi mwawo ndikulemera ndikofunikanso, chifukwa cholesterol komanso kunenepa kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa ngozi. Kupewa kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumathandizanso kupewa CVD. Njira zothanirana ndi nkhawa komanso kugona mokwanira zimaika chitumbuwa pamwamba. Kwenikweni, kupewa zinthu zomwe zitha kuwonongedwa kumangokhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Koma njira zodzitetezera zimagwira ntchito mosiyana kwa munthu aliyense, malinga ndi Dr. Kaveh. Chinsinsi chake ndikupeza njira zomwe zingagwirizane ndi munthu aliyense, akutero. Monga momwe mankhwala omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kuthamanga kwa magazi samatha kugwira ntchito chimodzimodzi mwa anthu awiri osiyana, njira zomwezo zogwirira ntchito sizingagwire ntchito chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense. Tonsefe timabweretsa mbiri yathu komanso zokumana nazo pamoyo wathu, ndipo tikufunika kupeza njira zophatikizira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe takumana nazo kuti tisankhe moyo wathanzi nthawi zonse.

Dr. Kaveh amalimbikitsa odwala ake kuti pali phindu lambiri pakusintha kwazinthu zazing'ono. Zosankha zathu zazing'ono tsiku lililonse zimakhudza kwambiri, akutero. Chofunika koposa, zikuwoneka kuti sikuchedwa kwambiri kuti tilandire zabwino zodzitchinjiriza pamtima.

Gwiritsani ntchito khadi yotsatsa ya SingleCare

Kuchiza matenda amtima

Zachidziwikire, mankhwala a CVD amasiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kuopsa kwake, koma mankhwala angapo amatha kuchiza matenda amtima omwe amayambitsa. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri, othandizira azaumoyo amatha kupereka ma statins, gulu lazamankhwala lomwe limachepetsa LDL (cholesterol choipa), monga Lipitor (atorvastatin) kapena Crestor (rosuvastatin). Kwa theka la anthu aku America omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, beta blockers ndi ACE inhibitors atha kukhala othandiza pakuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ma Beta blockers ngati Sectral (acebutolol) amaletsa adrenaline kuti ichepetse mtima, kuthana ndi zovuta zina, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikuthandizira kupewa kupwetekedwa mtima kwamtima. ACE inhibitors ngati Lotensin (benazepril) amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi pochepetsa komanso kukulitsa mitsempha. Pofuna kuteteza magazi kuundana, othandizira azaumoyo atha kulimbikitsanso aspirin, clopidogrel, kapena warfarin.

Zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kapena zowopseza moyo zingafune kuchitidwa opaleshoni monga kupitilira opareshoni, kuyika pacemaker, kapena kukhazikika kwa stent.

YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA: Zambiri za Lipitor | Zambiri za Crestor | Zambiri za Acebutolol | Zambiri za Lotensin | Zambiri za aspirin | Zambiri za Clopidogrel | Zambiri za Warfarin

ZOKHUDZA: ACE inhibitors motsutsana ndi beta blockers: Ndi ati omwe ali oyenera kwa inu?

Mafunso ndi mayankho a matenda a mtima

Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda amtima?

American Heart Association akuti 48% ya anthu aku US ali ndi matenda amtima.

Ndi dziko liti lomwe lili ndi matenda amtima ambiri?

Dongosolo la World Health Organisation kuyambira 2012 likuwonetsa kuti Turkmenistan inali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chomwalira cha matenda amtima, ndikufa 712 pa anthu 100,000, ndikutsatira Kazakhstan, ndikufa 635 pa 100,000.

Kodi matenda amtima akuchuluka kapena akuchepa?

Imfa zokhudzana ndi CVD zikuchepa padziko lonse lapansi, koma zikukwera ku US, malinga ndi American Heart Association.

Kodi kufa kwa matenda amtima ndikotani?

Matenda amtima amachititsa kuti m'modzi mwa anthu anayi amwalira ku US, 198.8 amamwalira pa anthu 100,000.

Kodi ndi magawo angati a matenda amtima omwe amapha ku US?

Pafupifupi 10% yamatenda amtima amapha. Koma kuti kudwala kwamtima kamodzi kumachitika pamasekondi 40 aliwonse ku U.S. kumatanthauza kuti amaferabe anthu ambiri. Mu 2017, matenda amtima adapha anthu 365,914 ku America.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi chiyani?

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol pamakoma a mitsempha, yotchedwa atherosclerosis, ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha matenda amtima. Matenda a atherosclerosis nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha machitidwe oyipa monga zakudya zosayenera, kusuta, komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kodi matenda amtima akhala akutsogolera imfa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Matenda a mtima si vuto latsopano ku United States. Wakhala chifukwa chodziwika bwino chakufa kuyambira 1921, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2006 .

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda amtima ndi ziti?

Samalani kupweteka pachifuwa / kusapeza bwino, kupuma movutikira, kutopa, kutsokomola / kupuma, komanso kufooka kwakukulu, chifukwa zonsezi zitha kukhala zizindikiritso zamatenda amtima.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda amtima ndi iti?

Matenda amtima ndimafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana ofotokoza zamatenda osiyanasiyana amtima, kuphatikiza matenda am'mimba (mtima), matenda amitsempha, arrhythmia (monga atrial fibrillation), ndi matenda obadwa nawo amtima.

Kafukufuku wamatenda amtima

• Matenda a mtima ndi ziwerengero za stroke 2019 zosintha , Kuzungulira ndi American Heart Association (AHA)
• Matenda amtima ( Ma CVD ) , World Health Organisation (WHO)
• Matenda a mtima ndi ziwerengero za stroke , AHA
• Matenda a mtima pepala lazolemba , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda oopsa , CDC
• Pulogalamu ya matenda amtima kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi , Harvard
• Matenda a mtima ndi akazi , Ofesi ya Akazi a Zaumoyo
• Mtengo & zotsatira za matenda amtima , Miliyoni Mitima ya CDC
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa mafuko ndi matenda amtima , CDC
• Kukula kumodzi sikokwanira zonse: gawo la kugonana, jenda, mtundu komanso mtundu wamankhwala amtima , Magazini ya Cardiology ndi American College of Cardiology
• Zizindikiro Zofunikira: kusiyanasiyana kwamagulu am'magawo am'mimba osachita kubereka komanso owopsa amomwe amathandizira kupewa , Miliyoni Mitima ya CDC
• Kafukufuku wa zachipatala ku National hospital 2017 , CDC
• Odwala omwe alibe inshuwaransi amakumana ndi ngongole zowononga zachipatala chifukwa cha matenda amtima, sitiroko, AHA
• Zochitika mu chisamaliro chamoyo ndalama pakati S. akuluakulu ndi matenda oopsa: kuyerekezera kwamayiko, 2003-2014 , Zolemba za American Heart Association
• Matenda a mtima , America's Health Rankings yolembedwa ndi United Health Foundation
• Chiyerekezo cha ndalama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kafukufuku, zikhalidwe, ndi matenda (RCDC) , National mabungwe a zaumoyo (NIH)