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Chimfine chowombera 101: Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa chokhudza katemera

Chimfine chowombera 101: Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa chokhudza katemeraMaphunziro a Zaumoyo

Katemera wa chimfine motsutsana ndi katemera wa m'mphuno | Ndani amafunikira | Nthawi yozizira | Kumene mungayambire chimfine | Mtengo | Chitetezo cha katemera | Mphamvu





Zima zikubwera, komanso nyengo yoopsa ya chimfine. Mwamwayi, pali katemera wa omwe-omwe atha kukuthandizani, banja lanu, komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu m'deralo amapewa kachilombo ka fuluwenza komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Ndipo chaka chino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale.



Mwinamwake mumadwala chimfine chaka chilichonse. Kapenanso ndi nthawi yanu yoyamba kuganizira imodzi ndipo mukudabwa ngati zili zotetezeka, zothandiza, komanso zofunikira. Mwanjira iliyonse, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe chimfine chimawombera ndikuthandizira kudumpha katemera wa chimfine. Tinapempha akatswiri kuti ayankhe mafunso asanu ndi atatu odziwika ndi chimfine.

1. Kodi chimfine chimayambitsa chiyani?

Katemera wa chimfine ndi katemera wa kamodzi pachaka womwe umateteza ku chilichonse chimfine chomwe akatswiri amakayikira kuti chizizungulira chaka chapitacho.

Fuluwenza [katemera] ndiye chitetezo chathu chabwino kwambiri ku kachilombo ka fuluwenza, akuti Ian Nelligan, MD , dokotala wamkulu pa Stanford Hospital and Clinic ku Palo Alto, California. Kupatula ukhondo wamanja ndi kusamala ndi njira yolumikizirana, ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera kumatenda.



Ngati inu chitani kutenga kachilomboka, zizindikiro za chimfine Phatikizani malungo, kuzizira, kupweteka kwa thupi, kukhosomola, ndi zilonda zapakhosi (kutchula ochepa). Zovuta zazikulu zimatha kuyambira ku bronchitis ndi chibayo mpaka encephalitis (kutupa kwaubongo), sepsis (kuyankha koopsa ku matenda), komanso kulephera kwa ziwalo zambiri.

Zowopsa izi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza jakisoni ... kapena kutsitsi pamphuno. Katemerayu amapezeka m'mitundu yonse iwiri.

Kuwombera

Chiwombankhanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu jakisoni muminyewa yam'mapewa. Ngakhale malingaliro olakwika ambiri, kuwombera kulibe kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, akufotokoza Shital Patel, MD , katswiri wodziwa za matenda opatsirana komanso wofufuza malo opangira katemera wa Baylor College of Medicine ku Houston, Texas. M'malo mwake, mumakhala mapuloteni a ma virus omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi mthupi.



Chifukwa mitundu ya ma virus a chimfine amasintha pang'ono chaka chilichonse, chimfine chimasinthanso chaka chilichonse, akufotokoza Dr. Patel. Akutero Bungwe Loyanganira Thanzi Padziko Lonse la Pansi (WHO), a Chakudya ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo (FDA), ndipo magulu ena ambiri ochita kafukufuku amafufuza mosalekeza mitundu yonse ya ma virus a chimfine kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndimasewera oyandikira kwambiri nyengo iliyonse ya chimfine.

Katemera wina wa chimfine, akuti, ndiwopambana, kutanthauza kuti amateteza kumatenda atatu a chimfine. Zina zimakhala ndi quadrivalent, kutanthauza kuti zimateteza kumatenda anayi a chimfine. Kaya mumalandira katemera wa quadrivalent kapena trivalent makamaka zimatengera komwe mungasankhe katemera wa fuluwenza, a Patel atero. Mwanjira ina, zipatala ndi malo ena ogulitsa mankhwala amakhala ndi katemera wambiri; ena amanyamula ma quadrivalent.

Dr. Patel amalimbikitsa anthu kuti apeze chipatala kapena malo ogulitsa mankhwala omwe amapereka katemera wa chimfine cha quadrivalent ngati kuli kotheka kutero, chifukwa kumapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera.



Kwa anthu 65+, a Patel amalimbikitsa a katemera wa chimfine chachikulu . Ngakhale kuti ndiwopambana, katemera wa mulingo wokwanira amakhala ndi ma protein a kachilombo omwe ali ndi fuluwenza, amateteza kwambiri achikulire (omwe, kutengera zaka zokha, amakumana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chimfine). Chimfine chimatha kukhala chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakhala m'malo osungira anthu omwe mavairasi amatha kufalikira mwachangu.

Pakadali pano katemera wa mlingo waukulu ndi kokha Amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa achikulire azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo. Aliyense ayenera kumamatira katemera wa chimfine, Dr. Patel akuti.



Zina mwazida zotchuka za chimfine zimaphatikizapo Flublok , Fluarix ,ndipo FLUAD .

Kutulutsa m'mphuno

KU Mtundu wa mphuno imapezekanso kwa iwo omwe akuyenera kuilandira. Chifukwa ndi kachilombo kamene kali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa - omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a fuluwenza-anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena komanso chitetezo cha mthupi (monga amayi apakati, okalamba, anthu omwe akudwala khansa, kapena omwe amakhala ndi ziwalo) sayenera landirani katemera wa chimfine m'mphuno.



Kupanda kutero, anthu athanzi azaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 49 ali oyenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine wam'mimbira bola ngati akatswiri azaumoyo akuvomereza.

Mosiyana ndi chimfine, katemera wa mphuno ndi quadrivalent mwachisawawa.



2. Kodi ndikufunika chimfine?

Dr.Nelligan, yemwe amawona odwala azaka zonse kuchipatala chake, akuti ndikofunikira kwa aliyense Oposa miyezi 6 azalandira katemera. Ana ochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi sangathe kulandira katemera chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi lawo ndi chofooka kwambiri kuti sangayankhe katemerayu.

Ngakhale achikulire athanzi labwino, chimfine chimatha kudwala kwambiri, akutero. Chifukwa chake, inde, ngakhale simunakhalepo ndi chimfine ndipo muli ndi thanzi labwino, mukufunikirabe kukhala patsogolo kupeza katemera wa chimfine.

Kuwombera chimfine ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa amayi apakati chifukwa chimfine chimatha kukhala chowopsa kwa mayi aliyense ndipo khanda, akuvomereza Dr. Patel ndi Dr. Nelligan. Chimfine chowombera, Komano, chili bwino. M'malo mwake, chimfine chomwe amalandira ali ndi pakati chimapitilizabe kuteteza mwana akabadwa.

Kupatula ana osakwana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anthu okhawo omwe sayenera kudwala chimfine ndi omwe adachitapo kanthu m'mbuyomu, Dr. Patel akuti. Komabe, akuwonetsanso kuti machitidwe oterewa ndi osowa kwambiri. Chiwopsezo chokumana ndi zovuta zazikulu zokhudzana ndi chimfine ndichachikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu chimfine cha 2019-2020, chimfinecho chimayambitsa matenda mpaka 56 miliyoni ndi 740,000 hospitalizations malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

3. Kodi ndiyenera kudwala chimfine nthawi yanji?

Chimfine sichitha mpaka pakati pa dzinja, koma, kuti mupeze phindu lonse la chimfine, muyenera kupeza katemera wanu bwino matenda a chimfine asanafike ponseponse, akutero Dr. Patel. Nthawiyo imadalira komwe mumakhala ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka, koma mgwirizano ndi posachedwa.

Mwambiri, nyengo ya chimfine imayamba kugwa ndipo imatha kuyambira koyambirira- mpaka pakati pa masika (onani CDC's fuluwenza yazosintha tsamba kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chimfine m'dera lanu). Ana aang'ono azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 8 zakubadwa omwe akulandira chimfine kwa nthawi yoyamba ayenera kukhala ndi mayeza awiri, mwezi umodzi kupatula, akutero Dr. Patel.

Amalonda ambiri ogulitsa amayamba kupereka chimfine kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Zipatala zamankhwala zimakonda kulandira katundu wawo pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Dr. Nelligan amalimbikitsa odwala kuti atenge katemera wa chimfine akangopezeka. Makamaka, muyenera kuti mutenge katemerayu kumapeto kwa Okutobala kuti mudzakwiriridwe chimfine chisanayambike m'dera lanu, akutero.

Koma, ngati simupanga kumapeto kwa Okutobala, musalole kuti izi zikulepheretseni kupeza zonse . Ngati wina salandira katemera wa chimfine kumapeto kwa Okutobala, zimapindulitsabe katemerayu nthawi yonse ya chimfine, a Patel akutero.

Chifukwa china chomwe chimayambitsa chimfine chanu ASAP? Kuti mudziteteze pakagwa vuto la katemera. Ntchito zopanga ndi kutumiza zidapangitsa kuti katemera asowe mu 2004 , kutsogolera CDC ndi mabungwe ena kuyika patsogolo katemera wa chimfine wamagulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu pa anthu onse. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mavuto amtunduwu samayembekezeredwa nyengo yamatenda iyi, nthawi zonse ndibwino kukhala okonzeka.

Chifukwa chokha chomwe mungafune kuchedwa kuti muwombere ndiye kuti muli ndi malungo. Kuwombera kungasokoneze chitetezo chanu chamthupi, zomwe zingayambitse katemera wochepa kwambiri. Koma malungo akangotha, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kukulunga manja anu ndikuwombera. Mosasamala kanthu za katemera wa chimfine, dziwani kuti zimatenga milungu iwiri yathunthu kuti chitetezo chake chizilowererapo, onse a Dr. Patel ndi Nelligan amavomereza.

4. Ndiyenera kupita kuti kukadwala chimfine?

Katemera wa chimfine amapezeka m'malo ambiri. Anthu ambiri amatemera katemera kuofesi yawo kapena ku pharmacy. Olemba anzawo ntchito amawapatsa zipatala zochizira chimfine kuofesi, monganso mabungwe ena aboma ndi malo azaumoyo. Pali ngakhale fayilo ya Wopeza Katemera map omwe angakutsogolereni kumalo omwe amapereka katemera wa chimfine (ndi katemera wina) m'dera lanu.

Ngakhale zilibe kanthu komwe mukupita, zingakhale bwino kuchezera omwe amakupatsani chithandizo chazaumoyo. Ndiye munthu amene amadziwa bwino zaumoyo wanu komanso mbiri yanu, ndipo ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa, ndiye kuti ndiye amene angayankhe bwino mafunso amenewa, a Dr. Nelligan. Koma ngati ingakhale nkhani yosavuta kapena ngati mungayipeze konse, ndikuganiza kuti kuyipeza pamalo abwino kwambiri ndikwabwino.

ZOKHUDZA: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza katemera ku pharmacy

5. Kodi chimfine chimayambitsidwa motani?

Potengera mtengo, inshuwaransi (kuphatikiza Mankhwala , Medicaid, makampani a inshuwaransi achinsinsi, komanso mapulani pamsika wathanzi) akuyenera kuphimba chifuwa chanu. Komabe, mungafunikire kulandira katemera wa chimfine pamalo enaake - onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana musanalowe.

Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe ambiri amapereka chiwombankhanga chaulere zipatala nyengo yonse ya iwo omwe alibe inshuwaransi kapena kupezeka. Ngati mutha kumaliza kulipira mthumba chifukwa cha chimfine, dziwani kuti mtengo umasiyanasiyana kutengera komwe mumapeza.

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Ngati simukudziwa kuti ndi chimfine chiti chomwe mukufuna, mutha kutenga yathu Khadi lochotsera kuma pharmacies akulu kwambiri komanso wamankhwala wanu adzakupezerani ndalama zabwino kwambiri.

6. Kodi chimfine chili bwinobwino?

Katemera wa chimfine ndiotetezeka kwa pafupifupi aliyense.

Katemera wa chimfine wakhala alipo kwazaka zambiri ndipo chitetezo chapitilirabe kuyang'aniridwa nyengo iliyonse, Dr. Patel akuti. Tili ndi ma data mamiliyoni [omwe amati] ndizotetezeka. Akuwonjezera kuti mu nyengo ya chimfine cha 2018-2019 nyengo ya 169 miliyoni ya katemera wa chimfine idagawidwa popanda chizindikiro chazovuta zilizonse.

Komanso, mwamtheradi simungathe kutenga chimfine chifukwa cha chimfine , akutero. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zochepa ngati chimfine, monga kupweteka pang'ono ndi kupweteka pamalo obayira, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi / kapena malungo otsika-koma izi ndi izi ayi chimfine ndi zotsatirapo zake sizingakulepheretseni kuchita zomwe mumachita tsiku lililonse. Thupi lanu likungokhala ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kuchipatala, akufotokoza. Chitetezo chanu chamthupi chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chiziteteze, akutero.

Chodetsa nkhaŵa china chokhudza chimfine? Matenda a mazira. Katemera ambiri a chimfine amapangidwa mu mapuloteni a dzira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali kuthekera kopeza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a dzira mu katemera womwewo. Mwamwayi, kuwombera chimfine ndikotetezeka kwa anthu omwe matupi awo sagwirizana ndi mazira, akutero Dr. Patel.

Zomwe tapeza ndikuti (ambiri) omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha mazira atha kulandira katemera wa chimfine yemwe ali ndi zilolezo, wazaka zomwe akupezeka pakadali pano, akutero.

Kupatulapo kungakhale anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mazira, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa anaphylaxis. Pa gululi, amalimbikitsa kufunsa katemera wa chimfine wophatikizidwanso , yomwe siyimapangidwa ndi mazira a nkhuku.

Matenda ena a chimfine ndi osowa kwambiri, akutero. Aliyense amene ali ndi nkhawa, ayenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine kuchipatala.

7. Kodi chimfine chimagwira ntchito motani?

Chifukwa chake onse omwe adati, alandila chimfine chitsimikizo kuti simudzadwala chimfine? Ayi, mphamvu ya katemera siingalephereke. Koma ngati mukudwala, mwayi wodwala kwambiri kapena zovuta zokhudzana ndi chimfine zimachepetsedwa, Dr. Patel akufotokoza. Malinga ndi CDC , Katemera wa chimfine amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a chimfine mwa 40% mpaka 60% .

Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza kuti katemera wa chimfine amateteza anthu 100%, koma… momwe katemera wa chimfine amagwirira ntchito zimadalira zinthu zambiri, ndipo zimasintha chaka ndi chaka, akutero. Koma tikayang'ana anthu omwe akhala mchipatala, omwe adakumana ndi zovuta za chimfine ndi omwe sanalandire katemera.

Pankhani ya chimfine, manambala amadzilankhulira okha. Munthawi yonse ya chimfine cha 2017-2018, yomwe imadziwika kuti nyengo yayikulu, pafupifupi akulu 80,000 ndi ana 81 (makamaka opanda katemera) amwalira ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi chimfine. Pafupifupi 900,000 ena adagonekedwa mchipatala, malinga ndi National Foundation for Infectious Disease , ndipo monga tanenera poyamba, chimfine chimayambitsa matenda mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse ku United States.

Izi ndi ziwerengero zazikulu, ndipo ngati tingapewe [chimfine], amachepetsa masiku osagwira ntchito, masiku odwala, zovuta, ndipo amachepetsa nkhawa kwa munthu komanso banja, Dr. Patel akuti. Ndi matenda omwe angathe kupewedwa, ndipo tili ndi [njira] zopewera zovuta zazikulu kwa ana komanso okalamba omwe amavutika nazo.

ZOKHUDZA: Kodi chimfine chimateteza COVID-19?

8. Kodi chimfine chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Chitetezo chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi chimfine chimachepa pakapita nthawi, chomwe ndi chifukwa chake mumafunikira chimfine chaka chilichonse. (Gawo linalo ndikuti mitundu yogwira ntchito imasintha chaka chilichonse.) Ngakhale kulibe nthawi yeniyeni yomwe chimfine chimatha, akatswiri amati chimakutetezani kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.